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AnaPhy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Framework of the human body

A

Skeletal System

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2
Q

The adult human skeleton consists of ____ bones.

A

206

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3
Q

Bones start to grow inside the womb, where they begin as cartilage. True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

As we grew older, our bones turns into hard bone by a process called?

A

Ossification

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5
Q

Bone breaking

A

Osteoclasts

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6
Q

Bone building

A

Osteoblast

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7
Q

Even as a fully-grown adult, the bone structure is always changing, as vitamins and minerals are constantly replaced. True or False?

A

True

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8
Q

A poor diet will result in ______________, whilst a balanced diet and exercise will make the __________.

A

Soft bones, bones harder

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9
Q

Helps in calcium reabsorption

A

Vitamin D

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10
Q

It is a mineral which helps keep bones strong.

A

Calcium

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11
Q

What are the four layers of the bone?

A

Periosteum
Compact/Cortical Bone
Spongy/Cancellous Bone
Bone Marrow

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12
Q

Covers Bones

A

Periosteum

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13
Q

Fills the gaps between the spongy bone

A

Bone Marrow

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14
Q

Lies beneath the periosteum

A

Compact/Cortical Bone

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15
Q

Lies beneath the compact bone

A

Spongy/Cancellous Bone

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16
Q

Bone types based on shapes

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

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17
Q

Varying irregular shape that have a specific function.

A

Irregular

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18
Q

Patella is an example of what bone shape?

A

Sesamoid

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19
Q

Boxlike and example of this is wrist & ankles.

A

Short

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19
Q

Arms, Legs & Fingers are example of what bone shape?

A

Long

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20
Q

Long and cylindrical and affects our overall height.

A

Long

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21
Q

Broad or sheetlike and example of this is the skull & sternum

A

Flat

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22
Q

Example of this shape is the spine

A

Irregular

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23
Q

It is where two or more bones meet and muscles act together to cause movement.

A

Joint

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24
Q

Types of Joints

A

Fixed or Immoveable Joints
Slightly Moveable Joints
Freely Moveable Joints

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24
Q

They are also known as synovial joints

A

Freely Moveable Joints

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25
Q

The bones cannot move - they overlap or interlock, and are held together by a tough fiber

A

Fixed or Immoveable Joint

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26
Q

They are the largest group of joints found in the body

A

Synovial or Freely Moveable Joints

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27
Q

They can only move a little - they are held together by strong straps called ligaments and are joined by protective pads
known as cartilage.

A

Slightly Moveable Joints

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28
Q

E.g. the skull. What type of joint is available?

A

Fixed or Immoveable Joints

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29
Q

E.g. the ribs. What type of joint is available?

A

Slightly Moveable Joints

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30
Q

E.g. the hips, shoulders and knees. What type of joint is available?

A

Freely Moveable Joints

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31
Q

bone to bone

A

Ligament

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32
Q

muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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33
Q

Lubricant which surrounds the joint and acts like an ‘oil’, to allow easy movement.

A

Synovial Fluid

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34
Q

The outer covering of the joint that holds the bones together and protects the joint.

A

Joint Capsule

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35
Q

The inner lining of the joint capsule which also produces synovial fluid.

A

Synovial membrane

36
Q

Covers the end of each bone, and which helps prevent friction between the joint.

A

Cartilage

37
Q

Types of Synovial Joints

A

Ball and Socket Joints
Hinge Joints
Pivot Joints
Gliding Joints
Saddle Joints
Condyloid Joints

38
Q

Are the most moveable joints in the body.

A

Ball and Socket Joints

39
Q

They can move in all directions, e.g. the hip and shoulder joints.

A

Ball and Socket Joints

40
Q

They can only move in two directions, e.g. the knee and elbow joints.

A

Hinge Joints

40
Q

In these joints there is movement forwards, backwards and to the right and left, but no rotation, e.g. the thumb.

A

Saddle Joints

41
Q

This joint only allows rotation,
e.g. the vertebrae of the neck

A

Pivot Joints

41
Q

Here there is a little movement in all directions, but there is no rotation, e.g. the wrist.

A

Condyloid Joints

42
Q

There is a little movement in all directions, e.g. the hand between the carpals.

A

Gliding Joints

43
Q

Infants and children have 300 bones but fuses later in life. True or False?

A

True

44
Q

It is a process where the red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

A

Hemopoiesis

44
Q

Most skeletal muscles attach to bones; when they contract, they pull on bones to produce ____________.

A

Movement

45
Q

Contains 22 bones in total.

A

The Cranium/Skull

45
Q

Found in the APPENDAGES OR LIMBS
- Arms & Legs, Pelvis and Scapula (Girdles)

A

Appendicular Bones

45
Q

Bone tissue stores several minerals, especially _________ and __________.

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

45
Q

2 primary divisions of the Skeletal System

A

Axial Bones and Appendicular Bones

46
Q

Found in the HEAD AND TORSO
- Skull, Vertebral (Spinal) column, Thoracic cage (Ribs)

A

Axial Bones

47
Q

The Cranium/Skull is subdivided into?

A

Cranial
Facial

48
Q

Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the skull through holes called __________ and __________.

A

Foramen and Canals

49
Q

Locked by immovable joints called SUTURES.

A

The Cranium/Skull

50
Q

Bones present in the Facial

A

2 Nasal
2 Lacrimal
2 Palatine
2 Zygomatic
1 Vomer
1 Mandible
2 Maxilla
2 Inferior Nasal Concha

51
Q

Provides structure to the face

A

Facial

51
Q

Protects the brain

A

Cranial

51
Q

Bones present in the Cranial

A

1 Ethmoid
1 Sphenoid
1 Frontal
2 Parietal
2 Temporal
1 Occipital

52
Q

The Vertebrae/Spine contains ___ irregular bones, that forms an _______.

A

26, S-Shaped

52
Q

As you go down the spine the bones gets bigger. True or False?

A

True

53
Q

The Vertebrae/Spine are subdivided into?

A

7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacrum
5 Coccyx

53
Q

Central support of the body. Supports everything from the skull to the pelvis.

A

The Vertebrae/Spine

54
Q

Support the head, allowing it to bend and twist.

A

Cervical

55
Q

These are the remains of our tail thus also called Tailbone

A

Coccyx

55
Q

The ribs are connected to these - there is very little movement.

A

Thoracic

56
Q

These are big and allow powerful twisting and bending of the back.

A

Lumbar

57
Q

These form one solid mass which is fused to the pelvis.

A

Sacrum

58
Q

Consist of 12 pairs of ribs

A

Thoracic/Ribcage

59
Q

Breastbone found in the thoracic

A

Manubrium, Sternum, Xyphoid

59
Q

Floating Ribs

A

11-12

60
Q

True Ribs

A

1-7

61
Q

False Ribs

A

8-10

62
Q

The ribs are also connected by the 12 thoracic vertebrae. True or False?

A

True

63
Q

2 type of girdle

A

Pectoral
Pelvic

64
Q

Where lower limbs attach to the body

A

Pelvic

64
Q

Attaches Upper Limb to the body

A

Pectoral

65
Q

Most common childbearing hips

A

Gynecoid

66
Q

The upper limb consist of divisions. There are?

A

Upper Arm
Forearm
Hand

66
Q

Area between the shoulder and the elbow.

A

Upper Arm (Humerus)

67
Q

Area between the elbow and the wrist.

A

Forearm (Radius and Ulna)

68
Q

Area between the wrist to the fingertips

A

Hands (1 Carpals, 5 Metacarpals, 3 Phalanges in each finger and 2 Phalanges in the Thumb)

69
Q

Largest bone in the body

A

Femur

69
Q

The lower limbs consist of divisions. These are?

A

Thigh
Knee
Leg
Foot

70
Q

Area between the knee and the ankles.

A

Leg (Tibia and Fibula)

71
Q

Area between the ankle to the toes.

A

Foot: (Metatarsals and Phalanges, similar to the bones in the hand)

71
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament (Bone to Bone)

72
Q

Strain

A

Tendons (Bone to Muscle)

73
Q

The most common form of arthritis, involves the wearing away of the cartilage that caps the bones in your joints.

A

Osteoarthritis

74
Q

It is a disease in which the immune system attacks the joints, beginning with the lining of joints.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

AnaPhy (4 decks)

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