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ANAPHY > SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

4 major parts of the skeletal system

A

ligaments
joints
bones
cartilage

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2
Q

what function is this?
bones form the internal framework that supports the body and cradles its soft organs

A

support

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3
Q

5 functions of the skeletal system

A

*blood cell formation
*allow movement
*protect soft organs
*storage of fat & mineral
*support the body

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3
Q

what function is this?
the vertebrae surround the spinal cord, and the rib cage helps protect the vital organs of the thorax

A

protection

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4
Q

what function is this?
the bones of the legs act as pillars to support the body trunk when we stand

A

support

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5
Q

what function is this?
bones protect soft body organ. ex: the fused bones of the skull provide a snug enclosure for the brain

A

protection

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6
Q

what function is this?
skeletal muscles use the bones as levers to move the body and its parts

A

allow movement

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7
Q

what function is this?
skeletal muscles attach to the bones via tendons

A

allow movement

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8
Q

what function is this?
fat is stored in the internal (marrow) cavities of the bones

A

storage

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8
Q

what function is this?
bones itself serves as a storehouse for minerals, the most important of which are calcium and phosphorus

A

storage

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9
Q

what function is this?
also called hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation

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10
Q

what function is this?
occurs within the marrow cavities of certain bones

A

blood cell formation

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11
Q

the head of the femur contains both what?

A

red and yellow marrow

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12
Q

yellow marrow stores?

A

fat

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13
Q

red marrow is responsible for?

A

hematopoiesis

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14
Q

form new bones and add growth to existing bone tissue

A

osteoblasts

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15
Q

maintains bone tissue

A

osteocyte

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15
Q

dissolve old and damaged bone tissue so it can be replaced with new, healthier cells created by osteoblasts

A

osteoclasts

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16
Q

forms bone matrix

A

osteoblast

17
Q

stem cell

A

osteogenic cell

18
Q

resorbs bone

A

osteoclast

18
Q

process of bone formation

A

ossification

19
Q

where are flat bones formed?

A

fibrous membranes

19
Q

a condition wherein the bones fail to calcify due to the lack of calcium and vit D

A

ricket

19
Q

most bones develop using _____ as their “models”

A

hyaline cartilage

19
Q

results to softening and weakening of bones

A

rickets

20
Q

2 kinds of bone fractures

A

closed/simple fracture
open/compound fracture

21
Q

a fracture in which the bone breaks cleanly but does not penetrate the skin

A

closed/simple fracture

22
Q

when the broken bone ends penetrate through the skin

A

open/compound fracture

23
Q

type of fracture:
*bones breaks into three or more fragments
*particularly common in older people, whose bones are more brittle

A

comminuted

24
Q

type of fracture:
*bone is crushed
*common in porous bones (ex: osteoporotic bones of older people)

A

compression

25
Q

type of fracture:
*broken bone is pressed inward
*typical of skull fracture

A

depressed

26
Q

4 stages in healing a bone fracture

A
  1. hematoma forms
  2. fibrocartilage callus forms
  3. bony callus forms
  4. bone remodeling occurs
26
Q

type of fracture:
*broken bone ends are forced into each other
*commonly occurs when someone attempts to break a fall with outstretched arms

A

impacted

26
Q

type of fracture:
*ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
*common sports fracture

A

spiral

26
Q

type of fracture:
*bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks
*common in children, whose bones are more flexible than those o

A

greenstick

27
Q

air filled spaces in the skull

A

sinusitis

28
Q

the mucosa lining these sinuses is continuous with that in the nose and throat, infections in these areas tend to migrate into the sinuses, causing headache or upper jaw pain

A

sinusitis

29
Q

drying of the discs, weakening of the ligaments, and even sudden twisting forces can cause the intervertebral discs to “slip”

A

herniated disc

30
Q

if the protruding disc presses on the spinal cord or the spinal nerves exiting from the cord, it can result to numbness and excruciating pain

A

herniated disc

30
Q

these spinal abnormalities may be a congenital or may result from disease, poor posture, unequal muscle pull on the spine, or injury

A

abnormal spinal curvatures

31
Q

*also called DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE (DJD) or “wear and tear arthritis”

*over the years, the articular cartilage softens, frays, and eventually breaks down. as the disease progresses, the exposed bone thickens, and extra bone tissue called BONE SPURS, grows around the margins of the eroded cartilage and restricts joint movement

A

osteoarthritis (OA)

31
Q

*a disease in which URIC ACID accumulates in the blood and may be deposited as needle shaped crystals in the soft tissues of joints

*this leads to an agonizingly painful attack that typically

A

gouty arthritis/gout

32
Q

*an autoimmune disease - a disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attempts to destroy its own tissues that lines the joints on both sides of your body

*causes painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity

A

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

33
Q
  • a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease, or when the structure and strength of bone changes

*this can lead to a decrease in bone strength than can increase the risk of fractures

A

osteoporosis

33
Q

an extremely rare connective tissue disease in which fibrous connective tissue such as muscle, tendons, and ligaments turn into bone tissue

A

fibrodysplasia ossificians progressiva

ANAPHY (4 decks)

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