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Anaphy (M) > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The human skeleton is divided into two descriptive region

A

Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

Parts of the skeletal system

A

Bones
Joints
Ligaments
Cartilages

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3
Q

Functions of the bones (5)

A

• Support of the body
• Protection of soft organs
• Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
• Storage of minerals and fats
• Blood cell formation

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4
Q

Two types of bone

A

Compact bone
Spongy bone

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5
Q

is a relatively solid mass of bone,
commonly seen as a supericial layer of bone, that provides strength.

A

Compact bone

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6
Q

It is a less dense trabeculated network of bone spicules making up the substance of most bones and surrounding an inner marrow cavity.

A

Spongy bone

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7
Q

Classification of bones

A

Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone

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8
Q

______ - Longer than wide, have shaft
Ex: ______, ______

A

Long bones
• Humerus
• Femur

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9
Q

_____ - Cube shape, mostly contain spongy bone
Ex: ______, ______

A

Short bone
• carpals
• tarsals

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10
Q

______ - Thin and flattened layers of bone
Ex: _______

A

Flat bones
• Parietal bone

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11
Q

______ - bones that don’t have regular shape.
Ex: ______

A

Irregular bones
• pelvic girdle/hip

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12
Q

Gross anatomy of long bone

(Long bones are divided into the following descriptive regions )

A

Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphysial plate
Epiphysis

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13
Q

The shaft of a long bone, which
represents the primary ossication center and the site where growth in width occurs.

A

Diaphysis

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14
Q

The site where the bone’s shaft joins
the epiphysis and epiphysial plate.

A

Metaphysis

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15
Q

The site of growth in length;
it contains cartilage in actively growing bones

A

Epiphysial plate

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16
Q

The ends of long bones, which develop from secondary ossication centers.

A

Epiphysis

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17
Q

Structure of the long bone

A

Periosteum
Sharpey’s fiber
Arteries
Articular cartilage
Medullary cavity

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18
Q

Outer covering of diaphysis

A

Periosteum

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19
Q

It secure periosteum

A

Sharpey’s fiber

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20
Q

It supply bone cells with nutrients

A

Arteries

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21
Q
  • decreases friction
  • location of articulation
A

Articular cartilage

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22
Q
  • primary space in the diaphysis
  • cavity of the shaft
A

Medullary cavity

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23
Q
  • surface features of bones
  • sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligamen
  • passage of nerves and blood vessels
A

Bone markings (landmark)

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24
Q

Categories of bone markings

A

• Projections and processes
• Depression or cavities

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25
Q

It grow out from the bone surface

A

Projections and processes

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26
Q

Indentations

A

Depression or cavities

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27
Q

______ - Bone to bone
______ - muscle to bone

A

Ligament
Tendon

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28
Q

Projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment

A

(TCT LTE SP)

Tuberosity
Crest
Trochanter
Line
Tubercle
Epicondyle
Spine
Process

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29
Q

A large, rounded eminence that may
be coarse or rough.

A

Tuberosity

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30
Q

A bony prominence that may be sharp or blunt.

A

Process

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31
Q

Narrow ridge of bone: usually prominent

A

Crest

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32
Q

A sharp process projecting from a bone.

A

Spine

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33
Q

Large, blunt process for muscle
tendon or ligament attachment.

A

Trochanter

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34
Q

A prominent ridge or eminence
superior to a condyle.

A

Epicondyle

35
Q

Narrow ridge of bone: less prominent that a crest

A

Line

36
Q

Small, rounded projection or process

A

Tubercle

37
Q

Projections that help to form joints

A

(HFCR)

Head
Facet
Condyle
Ramus

38
Q

Bone expansion carried on a narrow neck

A

Head

39
Q

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

A

Facet

40
Q

Rounded articular projection

A

Condyle

41
Q

Armlike bar or bone

A

Ramus

42
Q

Depression and openings allowing blood vessels and nerve to pass

A

(MSF GFF)

Meatus
Sinus
Fossa

Groove
Fissure
Foramen

43
Q

Canal like passageway

A

Meatus

44
Q

Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

A

Sinus

45
Q

Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

A

Fossa

46
Q

Furrow

A

Groove

47
Q

Narrow, slitlike opening

A

Fissure

48
Q

Round or oval opening through a bone

A

Foramen

49
Q

Microscopic anatomy of bone

A

(OCP LLC)

Osteon
Central canal
Perforating canal

Lacunae
Lamellae
Canaliculi

50
Q

A unit of bone

A

Osteon

51
Q
  • opening in the center of an osteon
  • carries blood vessels and nerves
A

Central canal

52
Q
  • canal perpendicular to the central canal
  • carries blood vessels and nerves
A

Perforating canal

53
Q
  • cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)
  • arranged in concentric rings
A

Lacunae

54
Q
  • tiny canals, radiate from the central canal to lacunae
  • form a transport system
A

Canaliculi

55
Q

• In embryos, the skeleton is primarily __________
• Cartilage remains in isolated areas like: ____, ____, _____

A

• hyaline cartilage

• bridge of the nose
• parts of ribs
• joints

56
Q

It is the process of bone formation

A

Ossification

57
Q

2 major phases of ossification

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage model is completely covered with bone matrix.
  2. Enclosed cartilage hyaline model is digested away, opening up medullar cavity
58
Q

The process by which the bone increases diame

A

Appositional growth

59
Q

Bones are remodeled continually in response to changes in two factors:

A
  • Calcium levels in the blood
  • The pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton
60
Q

Mature bones

A

Osteocytes

61
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

62
Q

Bone destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

63
Q

A process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

Bone remodeling

64
Q

Break in the bone

A

Bone fracture

65
Q

Break does not penetrate the skin

A

Closed fracture (simple fracture)

66
Q

Broken penetrates the skin

A

Open fracture (compound fracture)

67
Q

Common types of fracture

A

(CCD ISG)

Comminuted
Compression
Depressed
Impacted
Spiral
Greenstick

68
Q

Bone breaks into many fragments

A

Comminuted

69
Q

Bones breaks incompletely

A

Greensti

70
Q

Bone is crushed

A

Compression

71
Q

Reged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to bone

A

Spiral

72
Q

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

A

Depressed

73
Q

Broken bone ends are forced into each other

A

Impacted

74
Q

Type of bone fractures
(no meaning)

A

Transverse
Linear
Oblique, nondisplaced
Oblique, displaced

Spiral
Greenstick
Comminuted

75
Q

Stages in healing of the bone fractures

A

Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage formation
Bone callus formation
Bone remodeling

76
Q

It forms the longitudinal axis of the body

A

Axial skeleton

77
Q

Two sets of bones in the skull

A

Cranium
Facial bones

78
Q

• Bones are joined by ______
• Only the ______ is attached by a freely movable joint

A

Sutures
Mandible

79
Q

It is composed of 8 large flat bones

A

Cranium

80
Q

It forms the forehead, the bony projections under the eyebrows and the superior part of each eyes’ orbit

A

Frontal bone

81
Q

Form most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium

A

Parietal bone

82
Q

_________ - lies inferior to the parietal bones; they join them at the ________

A

Temporal bone
Squamous suture

83
Q

Biggest part of the skull

A

Foramen Magnum

84
Q

Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity

A

Paranasal sinuses

Anaphy (M) (2 decks)

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