Physiology of Muscle Tissue

Question 1

• Attached to bones
• Nuclei multiple and peripherally located
• During development, 100 or more MYOBLAST, a type of mesodermal cell, fuse to form a skeletal muscle fiber. Striated, Voluntary and involuntary (reflexes)

Answer 1

Skeletal

Question 2

• Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eye, glands, skin
• Single nucleus centrally located
• Not striated, involuntary, gap junctions in visceral smooth

Answer 2

Smooth

Question 3

• Single nucleus centrally located
• Striations, involuntary, intercalated disks

Answer 3

Cardiac

Question 4

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 4

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 5

Muscular system functions

Answer 5

Body movement
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Production of body heat
Communication
Constriction of organs and vessels
Heart beat

Question 6

Properties of muscle

Answer 6

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 7

• Ability of a muscle to shorten with force
• It DOES NOT produce force by lengthening/pushing!

Answer 7

Contractility

Question 8

Capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus

Answer 8

Excitability

Question 9

Muscle can be stretched to its normal resting length and beyond to a limited degree

Answer 9

Extensibility

Question 10

Ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after stretched

Answer 10

Elasticity

Question 11

Group of cardiac muscles acting as one

Answer 11

Syncytium

Question 12

• Branching cells
• One/two nuclei per cell
• Striated
• Involuntary
• Medium speed contractions

Answer 12

Cardiac muscle

Question 13

Anatomy of cardiac muscles

Answer 13

Intercalated disks
Cross striations
Nucleus
Myocytes

Question 14

Basic contractile unit of a specific muscle

Answer 14

Sarcomeres

Question 15

• Fusiform cells
• One nucleus per cell
• Nonstriated
• Involuntary
• Slow, wave-like contractions

Answer 15

Smooth muscle

Question 16

Types of smooth muscle

Answer 16

Single unit smooth muscle
Multi unit smooth muscle

Question 17

Each muscle are connected via gap junction

Answer 17

Single unit smooth muscle

Question 18

• Have a lot of AUTONOMIC NEURON VARICOSITY
• Not connected via gap junction

Answer 18

Multi unit smooth muscle

Question 19

• Long cylindrical cells
• Many nuclei per cell
• Striated
• Voluntary
• Rapid contractions

Answer 19

Skeletal muscle

Question 20

A little less than half of the body’s
mass is composed of ________, with most muscles linked to bones by ______ through which
the forces and movements
developed during contractions
are transmitted to the skeleton.

Answer 20

skeletal muscle
tendons

Question 21

Types of muscle proteins

Answer 21

Contractile proteins
Regulatory proteins
Structural Proteins

Question 22

Contractile Proteins (_____, ______)

Answer 22

actin and myosin

Question 23

Regulatory Proteins (i.e. ______ and ____)

Answer 23

tropomyosin and troponin

Question 24

Structural Proteins (i.e. ____)

Answer 24

Titin

Question 25

It is a molecular motor

Answer 25

Myosin

Question 26

Retains all of the motor functions of myosin

Answer 26

Myosin head

Question 27

Skeletal muscle function

Answer 27

Produce movement Maintain posture & body position Support Soft Tissues Guard entrance / exits Maintain body temperature Store nutrient reserves Makes up aprox. 40% of body weight

Question 28

Skeletal muscle structure

Answer 28

Muscle fiber (cell) Muscle fascicle (bundle of cells) Skeletal muscle (organ)

Question 29

Fluid filled sacks that encircle each myofibril. It is similar to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in other cells.

Answer 29

Sarcoplamsic Reticulum (SR)

Question 30

Dilated ends of SR, butt against T tubule from both sides.

Answer 30

Terminal cisterns (cistern-reservoir)

Question 31

-T tubule and 2 terminal cisterns on either side of it form a _____. -In relaxed muscle fiber, SR stores ______ -Release of calcium ions from terminal cisterns of SR triggers muscle contraction.

Answer 31

TRIAD calcium ions

Question 32

________ maintain (repair, etc.) skeletal muscle fibers. They can divide and they can fuse with one another and with muscle fibers to repair them, etc.

Answer 32

Satellite cells

Question 33

Some myoblasts (the cells that congegrate to form skeletal muscle fibers in the embryo) remain, they are referred to as ______.

Answer 33

satellite cells

Question 34

• Connective tissue External lamina Endomysium Perimysium Fasciculus Epimysium • Fascia • Nerve and blood vessels Abundant

Answer 34

..

Question 35

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is referred to as the ______. ________ - cytoplasm of the muscle fiber.

Answer 35

sarcolemma Sarcoplasm