Skeletal System Flashcards
Functions of bones:
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral and growth factor storage
Blood cell formation
Fat storage
Hyaline cartilage
Most abundant skeletal cartilage
Looks like frosted glass when freshly exposed
Provide support and flexibility
Chondrocytes appear spherical under the microscope
Fiber in matrix is collagen
Found at ends of long bones at movable joints, costal cartilage connecting ribs to sternum, found in larynx, nasal cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Looks a lot like hyaline but contains elastic fibers
Found in external ear and epiglottis
Can withstand repeated bending
Fibrocartilage
Intermediate between hyaline and elastic
Consists of parallel rows of chondrocytes and thich collagen
Have great tensile strength
Found at knee and discs between vertebrae
Axial
long axis of body (skull, vertebral column, rib cage
Appendicular
bones of upper and lower limbs and girdles
The skull is one of the major components of the axial skeleton. Name the other two.
Vertebral column, Bony Thorax
Name the 8 bones of the cranium.
Frontal bone (1)
Parietal bones (2)
Temporal bones (2)
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Name the different types of vertebrae. How can you distinguish among them?
The vertebrae are divided into three regions:
Cervical C1–C7 vertebrae
Thoracic T1–T12 vertebrae
Lumbar L1–L5 vertebrae
list the 8 carpal bones
Scaphoid
Lunate
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
List the 7 tarsal bones
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial Cuneiform
Intermediate Cuneiform
Lateral Cuneiform
True ribs
1 to 7 pairs
False Ribs
8 to 12 pairs
Floating ribs
Last 11 and 12
Acetabulum
it’s the concave part of the hip bone that articulates with the femoral head and forms the lunate surface.
Pubic Symphysis
The pubic symphysis is a joint in the midline between the pubic bones. It is made of a fibrocartilaginous disc and surrounding ligaments that form a strong fibrous sheet.
3 parts of hip bone
ilium, ischium, and pubis
Female Pelvis
Tilted forward, adapted for childbearing
True pelvis defines birth canal
Cavity of the true pelvis is broad, shallow, and has greater capacity
Male Pelvis
Tilted less forward
Adapted for support of heavier male build and stronger muscles
Cavity of true pelvis is narrow and deep
Compact Bone
Made of structural units called osteon or Haversian system
osteoblasts; inorganic salts in matrix
Spongy Bone
No osteon present
Irregularly arranged lamellae
Osteocytes interconnected by canaliculi
osteocytes; collagen in matrix
Osteon
made of group of hollow tubes of bone matrix
Lamella
a matrix tube
Central Canal
Found at the core of osteon; has blood vessels and nerve fibers
Volkmann’s canal
found at right angles to central canal
Classification of bones
Long—longer than they are wide; has a shaft plus two ends
Short—roughly cube shaped
Flat—thin, flattened and a bit curved
Irregular—complicated shapes
