Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of bones:

Answer 1

Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral and growth factor storage
Blood cell formation
Fat storage

Question 2

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 2

Most abundant skeletal cartilage
Looks like frosted glass when freshly exposed
Provide support and flexibility
Chondrocytes appear spherical under the microscope
Fiber in matrix is collagen
Found at ends of long bones at movable joints, costal cartilage connecting ribs to sternum, found in larynx, nasal cartilage

Question 3

Elastic cartilage

Answer 3

Looks a lot like hyaline but contains elastic fibers
Found in external ear and epiglottis
Can withstand repeated bending

Question 4

Fibrocartilage

Answer 4

Intermediate between hyaline and elastic
Consists of parallel rows of chondrocytes and thich collagen
Have great tensile strength
Found at knee and discs between vertebrae

Question 5

Axial

Answer 5

long axis of body (skull, vertebral column, rib cage

Question 6

Appendicular

Answer 6

bones of upper and lower limbs and girdles

Question 7

The skull is one of the major components of the axial skeleton. Name the other two.

Answer 7

Vertebral column, Bony Thorax

Question 8

Name the 8 bones of the cranium.

Answer 8

Frontal bone (1)
Parietal bones (2)
Temporal bones (2)
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone

Question 9

Name the different types of vertebrae. How can you distinguish among them?

Answer 9

The vertebrae are divided into three regions:
Cervical C1–C7 vertebrae
Thoracic T1–T12 vertebrae
Lumbar L1–L5 vertebrae

Question 10

list the 8 carpal bones

Answer 10

Scaphoid
Lunate
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Question 11

List the 7 tarsal bones

Answer 11

Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial Cuneiform
Intermediate Cuneiform
Lateral Cuneiform

Question 12

True ribs

Answer 12

1 to 7 pairs

Question 13

False Ribs

Answer 13

8 to 12 pairs

Question 14

Floating ribs

Answer 14

Last 11 and 12

Question 15

Acetabulum

Answer 15

it’s the concave part of the hip bone that articulates with the femoral head and forms the lunate surface.

Question 16

Pubic Symphysis

Answer 16

The pubic symphysis is a joint in the midline between the pubic bones. It is made of a fibrocartilaginous disc and surrounding ligaments that form a strong fibrous sheet.

Question 17

3 parts of hip bone

Answer 17

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 18

Female Pelvis

Answer 18

Tilted forward, adapted for childbearing

True pelvis defines birth canal

Cavity of the true pelvis is broad, shallow, and has greater capacity

Question 19

Male Pelvis

Answer 19

Tilted less forward

Adapted for support of heavier male build and stronger muscles

Cavity of true pelvis is narrow and deep

Question 20

Compact Bone

Answer 20

Made of structural units called osteon or Haversian system

osteoblasts; inorganic salts in matrix

Question 21

Spongy Bone

Answer 21

No osteon present
Irregularly arranged lamellae
Osteocytes interconnected by canaliculi

osteocytes; collagen in matrix

Question 22

Osteon

Answer 22

made of group of hollow tubes of bone matrix

Question 23

Lamella

Answer 23

a matrix tube

Question 24

Central Canal

Answer 24

Found at the core of osteon; has blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 25

Volkmann’s canal

Answer 25

found at right angles to central canal

Question 26

Classification of bones

Answer 26

Long—longer than they are wide; has a shaft plus two ends

Short—roughly cube shaped

Flat—thin, flattened and a bit curved
Irregular—complicated shapes