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PNA Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

4 curves of vertebral column and how many bones in each region

A

Cervical curve (7)
Thoracic curve (12)
Lumbar curve (5)
Sacral curve (5)

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2
Q

A very tough type of attachment that hold the skull bones together.

A

Suture

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3
Q

2 major events of longitudinal growth of long bones

A
  1. growth of cartilage
  2. replacement of cartilage by bone tissue
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4
Q

2 Osteogenic Pathways

A
  1. Intramembranous Ossification
  2. Endochondral Ossification
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5
Q

2 parts of a long bone

A
  1. Diaphysis
  2. Epiphysis
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6
Q

2 parts of Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae
Pelvic bones

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7
Q

2 parts of short bones

A

Carpals
Tarsals

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8
Q

2 parts of the skull

A

Cranial bones
Facial skeleton

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9
Q

4 Examples of flat bones

A

Cranial bones
Scapulae
Sternum
Ribs

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10
Q

4 zones of cells and activity of epiphyseal plate

A
  1. Reserve zone
  2. Proliferative zone
  3. Zone of maturation and hypertrophy
  4. Zone of calcified matrix
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11
Q

6 Parts of Long bones

A

Humerus
Radius and Ulna
Femur
Tibia and fibula
Metacarpals and Metatarsals
Phalanges

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12
Q

A broken bone.

A

Fracture

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13
Q

A category of bone that is cube like in shape. Provides stability and support as well as some limited motion.

A

Short bones

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14
Q

A category of bone that is cylindrical in shape. Functions as levers; they move when muscle contracts. Supports the weight of the body and facilitate movement.

A

Long bones

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15
Q

A category of bone that is small (round) and is shaped like a sesame seed. Protect tendons from compressive forces.

A

Sesamoid bone

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16
Q

A category of bone that serves as points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs. Often curved.

A

Flat bone

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17
Q

A category of bones that does not have any easily characterized shape. These bones tend to have more complex shapes .

A

Irregular bones

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18
Q

A delicate membranous lining in the medullary cavity, where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur.

A

Endosteum

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19
Q

A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and injuries related to the muscuskeletal system

A

Orthopedist

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20
Q

A fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of the bone.

A

Periosteum

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21
Q

A hard, dense connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton, the support structure of the body.

A

Bone or Osseous Tissue

22
Q

a matrix that is a result when osteoid is secreted around the capillaries

A

Trabecular Matrix

23
Q

A membrane that covers the cartilage

A

Perichondrium

24
Q

A part of long bone which is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone

A

Diaphysis

25
Q

A part of sesamoid bone

A

Patella

26
Q

A part of the long bone which is the wider section at each end of the bone.

A

Epiphysis

27
Q

A pathway of ossification wherein bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage. Bones at the base of the skull and long bones form via this ossification

A

Endochondral Ossification

28
Q

A process in which resorption of old or damaged bone takes place on the same surface where osteoblasts lay new bone to replace that which is resorbed.

A

Bone remodeling

29
Q

A semi rigid form of connective tissue, provides flexibility and smooth surfaces for movement.

A

Cartilage

30
Q

A skeletal division that forms the vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of the head, neck, chest, and back.

A

Axial Skeleton

31
Q

A skeletal division that includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs.

A

Appendicular skeleton

32
Q

A thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber; covers the epiphyses.

A

Articular Cartilage

33
Q

A type of bone marrow that contains adipose tissue (a source of energy)

A

Yellow Marrow

34
Q

A type of bone marrow where hematopoiesis takes place.

A

Red Marrow

35
Q

A type of bone that is also known as cancellous bone which contains osteocytes.

A

Spongy bone

36
Q

A type of bone tissue that is denser and stronger. It provides support and function.

A

Compact bone

37
Q

An ossification pathway wherein compact and spongy bone develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones and the clavicle are formed via this pathway.

A

Intramembranous Ossification

38
Q

An uncalcified matrix that osteoblasts secrete.

A

Osteoid

39
Q

Consists of the bones of the body.

A

Skeleton

40
Q

Four types of cells that are present in bone tissue

A

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteogenic cells
Osteoclasts

41
Q

Functions of bone and the skeletal system

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Assistance in movement
  4. Mineral homeostasis
  5. Blood cell production
  6. Triglyceride storage
42
Q

The area of growth in a long bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

43
Q

The bone cell that is responsible for bone resorption.

A

Osteoclast

44
Q

The bone cell that is responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and endosteum.

A

Osteoblast

45
Q

The hollow region in the diaphysis; is filled with yellow marrow.

A

Medullary Cavity

46
Q

The most common template for skeletal development.

A

Cartilage

47
Q

The primary cell of mature bone and the most common type of bone cell.

A

Osteocyte

48
Q

The process of bone development

A

Ossification (Osteogenesis)

49
Q

The process of the production of blood cells.

A

Hematopoiesis

50
Q

The softer connective tissue that fills the interior of most bone.

A

Bone Marrow

51
Q

Type of bone cells that are undifferentiated with high mitotic activity and they are the only bone cells that divide.

A

Osteogenic cell

52
Q

Where does the cartilage form?

A

Epiphyseal Side

PNA Anatomy (2 decks)

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