Skeletal System Flashcards
4 curves of vertebral column and how many bones in each region
Cervical curve (7)
Thoracic curve (12)
Lumbar curve (5)
Sacral curve (5)
A very tough type of attachment that hold the skull bones together.
Suture
2 major events of longitudinal growth of long bones
- growth of cartilage
- replacement of cartilage by bone tissue
2 Osteogenic Pathways
- Intramembranous Ossification
- Endochondral Ossification
2 parts of a long bone
- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis
2 parts of Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Pelvic bones
2 parts of short bones
Carpals
Tarsals
2 parts of the skull
Cranial bones
Facial skeleton
4 Examples of flat bones
Cranial bones
Scapulae
Sternum
Ribs
4 zones of cells and activity of epiphyseal plate
- Reserve zone
- Proliferative zone
- Zone of maturation and hypertrophy
- Zone of calcified matrix
6 Parts of Long bones
Humerus
Radius and Ulna
Femur
Tibia and fibula
Metacarpals and Metatarsals
Phalanges
A broken bone.
Fracture
A category of bone that is cube like in shape. Provides stability and support as well as some limited motion.
Short bones
A category of bone that is cylindrical in shape. Functions as levers; they move when muscle contracts. Supports the weight of the body and facilitate movement.
Long bones
A category of bone that is small (round) and is shaped like a sesame seed. Protect tendons from compressive forces.
Sesamoid bone
A category of bone that serves as points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs. Often curved.
Flat bone
A category of bones that does not have any easily characterized shape. These bones tend to have more complex shapes .
Irregular bones
A delicate membranous lining in the medullary cavity, where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur.
Endosteum
A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and injuries related to the muscuskeletal system
Orthopedist
A fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of the bone.
Periosteum
A hard, dense connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton, the support structure of the body.
Bone or Osseous Tissue
a matrix that is a result when osteoid is secreted around the capillaries
Trabecular Matrix
A membrane that covers the cartilage
Perichondrium
A part of long bone which is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone
Diaphysis
A part of sesamoid bone
Patella
A part of the long bone which is the wider section at each end of the bone.
Epiphysis
A pathway of ossification wherein bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage. Bones at the base of the skull and long bones form via this ossification
Endochondral Ossification
A process in which resorption of old or damaged bone takes place on the same surface where osteoblasts lay new bone to replace that which is resorbed.
Bone remodeling
A semi rigid form of connective tissue, provides flexibility and smooth surfaces for movement.
Cartilage
A skeletal division that forms the vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of the head, neck, chest, and back.
Axial Skeleton
A skeletal division that includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs.
Appendicular skeleton
A thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber; covers the epiphyses.
Articular Cartilage
A type of bone marrow that contains adipose tissue (a source of energy)
Yellow Marrow
A type of bone marrow where hematopoiesis takes place.
Red Marrow
A type of bone that is also known as cancellous bone which contains osteocytes.
Spongy bone
A type of bone tissue that is denser and stronger. It provides support and function.
Compact bone
An ossification pathway wherein compact and spongy bone develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones and the clavicle are formed via this pathway.
Intramembranous Ossification
An uncalcified matrix that osteoblasts secrete.
Osteoid
Consists of the bones of the body.
Skeleton
Four types of cells that are present in bone tissue
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteogenic cells
Osteoclasts
Functions of bone and the skeletal system
- Support
- Protection
- Assistance in movement
- Mineral homeostasis
- Blood cell production
- Triglyceride storage
The area of growth in a long bone
Epiphyseal plate
The bone cell that is responsible for bone resorption.
Osteoclast
The bone cell that is responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and endosteum.
Osteoblast
The hollow region in the diaphysis; is filled with yellow marrow.
Medullary Cavity
The most common template for skeletal development.
Cartilage
The primary cell of mature bone and the most common type of bone cell.
Osteocyte
The process of bone development
Ossification (Osteogenesis)
The process of the production of blood cells.
Hematopoiesis
The softer connective tissue that fills the interior of most bone.
Bone Marrow
Type of bone cells that are undifferentiated with high mitotic activity and they are the only bone cells that divide.
Osteogenic cell
Where does the cartilage form?
Epiphyseal Side
