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Human Anatomy 1100 Terms > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal System

A

Dynamic organ system with tissues that grow and change throughout life

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2
Q

Structures of Skeletal System

A
  1. Bones
  2. Cartilage
  3. Ligaments
  4. Other supportive connective tissues
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3
Q

Major functions of the Skeletal System

A
  1. Framework for the body
  2. Support body weight
  3. Attachment for muscles –> movement
  4. Storage reservoir: Ca2+, Phosphorus
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4
Q

Cartilage

A

Supporting connective tissue

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4
Q

Cartilage Tissue Characteristics

A
  • Semirigid extracellular matrix (weaker than bone, but more flexible and resilient)
  • Cells: chondroblasts, chondrocytes
  • Mature cartilage is avascular (nutrient diffusion into tissue)
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5
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Secrete extracellular matrix (substances surrounding cells)

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5
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Mature cartilage cells found throughout cartilage, occupy small spaces called lacunae

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6
Q

Types of Cartilage

A
  • Hyaline Cartilage
  • Fibrocartilage
  • Elastic Cartilage
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7
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • Most common
  • Glassy/shiny
  • Found on articular cartilage
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8
Q

Fibrocartilage

A
  • Strongest of the three
  • Rigid, tough, does not move a lot
  • Supports body weight
  • Found in discs in between vertebras
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9
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A
  • Most flexible/mobile
  • Lowest in strength
  • Found in ear
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10
Q

General Functions of Cartilage

A
  1. Supporting soft tissues
  2. Gliding surface at articulations (joints)
  3. Precursor model for bone growth
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11
Q

Interstitial Growth

A

Growth from within (inside) cartilage

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12
Q

Appositional Growth

A

Growth from outside (periphery) of tissue

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13
Q

Bone

A

Supporting connective tissue

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14
Q

Bone Tissue Characteristics

A
  • Bones of the skeleton are complex organs containing all four tissue types
  • Extracellular matrix is sturdy and rigid due to deposition of minerals (calcification)
15
Q

General Functions of Bone

A
  1. Structural support/body framework
  2. Protection of more delicate organs
  3. Movement - attachment site for muscles
  4. Hemopoiesis - blood cell production in red bone marrow (Produce new RBC)
  5. Storage of mineral and energy reserves: calcium and phosphate, lipids stored in yellow marrow
16
Q

What are the four Bone Classifications?

A
  1. Long Bones
  2. Short Bones
  3. Flat Bones
  4. Irregular Bones
17
Q

Long Bones

A

Longer than they are wide, in appendages

18
Q

Short Bones

A

Roughly equal in length and width (Ex. foot, hand, wrist)

19
Q

Flat Bones

A

Very broad and thin, spread wide (Ex. Cranium)

20
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Doesn’t fit other three characteristics (Ex. hip bone)

21
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone, circumference is smallest, is most of bone length

22
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of bones

23
Q

Metaphysis

A

Where growth plate is, in between diaphysis and epiphysis

24
Q

What are the Regions of Long Bones?

A

Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Metaphysis

25
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

To help protect bones

26
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Has yellow bone marrow, contains fat tissue

27
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Contains red bone marrow –> Hemopoiesis (very porous, makes RBC)

28
Q

Endosteum

A

Inner membrane/layer

29
Q

Periosteum

A

Outside of bone, except where articular cartilage is

30
Q

Bone is highly what?

A

Vascularized (has a lot of blood vessels)

31
Q

Innervation

A
  • Nerves accompany blood vessels through the nutrient foramen (hole in bone to travel to deep aspects)
  • Innervate bone tissue, periosteum
  • Primarily sensory nerves (send info from bone to brain)

Human Anatomy 1100 Terms (4 decks)

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