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ANATOMY > SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q
  • Produce movement of the skeleton
  • a.k.a Voluntary Muscles
  • Made up of striped fibers
A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

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2
Q

Attachment

attachment that moves the least

A

ORIGIN

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3
Q

ATTACHMENT

attachment that moves the most

A

INSERTION

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4
Q

fleshy part of a muscle

A

BELLY

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5
Q

cords of fibrous tissue attaching the ends of a muscle to bones, cartilages or ligaments

A

TENDON

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6
Q

thin but strong sheet of fibrous tissues where flattened muscles are attached

A

APONEUROSIS

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7
Q

interdigitations of the tendinous ends of fibers of flat muscles

A

RAPHE

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8
Q

Run obliquely to line of pull; more fibers, more powerful

A

(PENNATE)

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9
Q
  • The tendon lies along one side of the muscle and the muscle fibers pass obliquely to it
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
A

UNIPENNATE

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10
Q
  • the tendon lies in the center of the muscle and the muscle fibers pass to it from two sides
  • Rectus femoris
A

BIPENNATE

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11
Q
  • may be arranged as a series of bipennate muscles lying alongside one another
  • acromial fibers of the deltoid or may have the tendon lying within its center and the muscle fibers passing to it from all sides, converging as they go
  • tibialis anterior
A

MULTIPENNATE

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12
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTION

when it is the chief
muscle or member of a chief group of muscles responsible for a particular movement

A

PRIME MOVER

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13
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTION

Any muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover is an?

A

ANTAGONIST

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14
Q

contracts isometrically to stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that it can act efficiently

A

FIXATOR

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15
Q
  • prevent unwanted movements in an intermediate joint
  • stabilizes intermediate joints
A

SYNERGIST

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16
Q

Nerve Supply of Skeletal Muscle

A
  • 60% motor
  • 40% sensory
  • Some sympathetic autonomic fibers
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17
Q

place of entrance; nerve enters the muscle at about the midpoint on its deep surface, often near the margin

A

MOTOR POINT

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18
Q

consists of long, spindle-shaped cells closely arranged in bundles or sheets

A

SMOOTH MUSCLES

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19
Q

Contracts by local stretching of the fibers, by nerve impulses from autonomic nerves, or by hormonal stimulation.

A

PERISTALSIS

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20
Q
  • striated muscle fibers that branch and unite with each other
  • forms the myocardium of the heart
  • Supplied by autonomic nerve fibers
A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

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21
Q
  • Living tissue
  • Consists of cells, fibers and matrix
  • Protective function (skull, VC; sternum, ribs)
  • Lever and storage of calcium salts
A

BONE

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22
Q

FORMS OF BONE

Appears as solid mass

A

COMPACT

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23
Q

FORM OF BONES

oConsists of branching network of trabeculae
A.K.A Spongy Bone

A

CANCELLOUS

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24
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES

A
  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
  • Irregular bones
  • Sesamoid bones
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25
Q
  • Length is greater than breadth
  • the bone that functions for large movements
A

LONG BONES

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26
Q

It is the tubular shaft of the bone

A

DIAPHYSIS

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27
Q

The tip/ end of a bone

A

EPIPHYSIS

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27
Q

The growing phase where the Diaphysis and Epiphyis seperates

A

EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE

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28
Q

Part of diaphysis that is adjacent to the epiphyseal cartliage

A

METAPHYSIS

28
Q

Containing bone-marrow

A

MARROW CAVITY

28
Q

Examples of Long Bones

A
  • HUMERUS
  • FEMUR
29
Q
  • Roughly cuboidal in shape
  • Found in bones of the hand and foot
  • For small movements
A

SHORT BONES

29
Q

Example of Short Bones

A
  • SCAPHOID
  • LUNATE
  • TALUS
  • CALCANEUM
30
Q
  • Composed of thin inner and outer layers of compact bone separated by a layer of cancellous bone
  • Composed of thin tables separated by the diploe
  • Found in the vault of the skull (frontal, parietal)
A

FLAT BONES

31
Q

Bones that are not assigned to the previous groups

A

IRREGULAR BONES

32
Q

Example of Flat Bone

33
Q

Example of Irregular Bones

A

Bones of the skull, vertebrae and pelvic bones

34
Q

Small nodules of bone that are found in certain tendons where they rub over bony surfaces

A

SESAMOID BONES

35
Q

reduce friction on a tendon

A

SESAMOID BONE

36
Q

Largest Sesamoid Bone

37
Q

a cord or band of connective tissue uniting two structures

38
Q

dense bundles of collagen fibers

A

UNSTRETCHABLE LIGAMENTS

39
Q

Example of Unstretchable Ligaments

A
  • iliofemoral ligament of hip
  • collateral ligaments of elbow
40
Q

Ligament that regain original length after stretching

A

ELASTIC TISSUE

40
Q

Example of Elastic Tissue

A
  • ligamentum flavum
  • calcaneonavicular ligament
43
Q

Form of connective tissue in which the cells and fibers are embedded in a gel-like matrix

43
Q
  • tubular bursa that surrounds a tendon
  • occur where tendons pass under ligaments and retinacula and through Osseo fibrous tunnels
  • reduce friction between the tendon and its surrounding structures.
A

SYNOVIAL SHEATH

44
Q
  • lubricating device consisting of a closed fibrous sac lined with a delicate smooth membrane
  • found wherever tendons rub against bones, ligaments, or other tendons
  • Commonly found close to joints
45
Q

fibrous membrane covering the
cartilage

A

PERICHONDRIUM

46
Q

high proportion of amorphous matrix; great resistance to wear and tear; incapable of repair when fractured

A

HYALINE CARTILAGE

47
Q

has many collagen fibers embedded in a small amount of matrix (on discs of Temporomandibular jt, Sternoclavicular jt, knee jt); repairs itself except joint discs

A

FIBROCARTILAGE

48
Q

large numbers of elastic fibers embedded in matrix; flexible; repairs itself; auricle of the ear, EAM, auditory tube, epiglottis

A

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

49
Q

A site where two or more bones come together, whether or not movement occurs between them

50
Q

Classification of joints

A
  • Fibrous joints
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints
51
Q

The articulating surfaces of the bones are joined by fibrous tissues, and thus very little movement is possible (skull, inferior Tibiofibular jt)

A

FIBROUS JOINTS

52
Q

bones are united by a plate or a bar of hyaline cartilage (no movement possible; 1st rib and manubrium sterni)

A

PRIMARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINT

53
Q

Resemble Horsetail

Root of lumbar and sacral spinal nerve

A

CAUDA EQUINA

54
Q

bones are united by a plate of fibrocartilage and the articular of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage (bet. Vertebral bodies and symphysis
pubis)

A

SECONDARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINT

55
Q

articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage separated by a joint cavity

A

SYNOVIAL JOINTS

56
Q

viscous surfaces where articular surfaces are lubricated

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

56
Q

cavity of the joint lined by ___________, which extends from the margins of one articular
surface to those of the other

A

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

57
Q

Classifications of Synovial Joints

A
  • Plane joints
  • Hinge joints
  • Pivot joints
  • Condyloid joints
  • Ellipsoid joints
  • Saddle joints
  • Ball-and-socket joints
58
Q

the apposed articular surfaces are flat or almost flat, and this permits the bones to slide on one another (AcromioClavicular, SternoClavicular joint)

A

PLANE JOINTS

59
Q

resemble the hinge on a door, so that flexion and extension movements are possible (elbow, knee, ankle)

A

HINGE JOINTS/ GINGLYMUS JOINTS

60
Q

a central bony pivot is surrounded by a bony–ligamentous ring, and rotation is the only movement possible. (Atlantoaxial joint, superior RadioUlnar jt)

A

PIVOT JOINTS

61
Q
  • Have two distinct convex surfaces that articulate with two concave surfaces.
  • The movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction are possible together with a small amount of rotation. (MCP/knuckle joint)
A

CONDYLOID JOINTS

62
Q
  • elliptical convex articular surface fits into an elliptical concave articular surface.
  • The movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction can take place, but rotation is impossible (wrist jt).
A

ELLIPSOID JOINTS

62
Q
  • the articular surfaces are reciprocally concavoconvex and resemble a saddle on a horse’s back.
  • These joints permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation (Carpometacarpal of thumb)
A

SADDLE JOINTS

63
Q
  • a ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a socket like concavity of another.
  • This arrangement permits free movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction (shoulder and hip joint)
A

BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINTS

64
Q

Stability of Joints

A
  • The shape, size, and arrangement of articular surfaces
  • The ligaments
  • The tone of the muscles around joint

ANATOMY (5 decks)

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