Skeletal system

Question 1

what the postural deviation called in which the shape of the spine is in a hunched back position

Answer 1

Kyphosis

Question 2

what the postural deviation called in which the shape of the spine is an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine

Answer 2

Scoliosis

Question 3

Why regular weight bearing exercises will help reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis

Answer 3

Weight bearing exercises cause an additional damage to the bone, this enables the osteoclasts to remove any old bone and the osteoblasts to build new bone. This helps to allow the bone to take more calcium and minerals meaning it would be less likely for a fracture.

Question 4

function of short bones

Answer 4

weight bearing
increase stability
shock absorbent

Question 4

examples of long bones

Answer 4

femur, ulna

Question 4

function of long bone

Answer 4

red blood cell production
enlarge large movements
act as levers

Question 4

examples of short bones

Answer 4

carpals
tarsals

Question 5

examples of flat bones

Answer 5

cranium
pelvis
sternum

Question 5

examples of sesamoid bones

Answer 5

patella

Question 5

function of flat bones

Answer 5

protect vital organs
enable muscle attachment

Question 5

function of sesamoid bones

Answer 5

ease joint movement
resist friction

Question 6

what are the three types of joints

Answer 6

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 7

fibrous joint

Answer 7

these joints are fixed and allow no movement such as the coccyx and the sacrum, cranium

Question 8

cartilaginous joint

Answer 8

these joints are slightly moveable joints, such as between the lumbar vertebrae

Question 9

synovial joint

Answer 9

these are freely moveable joints and are important in sports as they provide the greatest range of movement.

Question 10

6 types of synovial joints and explained with the range of movement they allow

Answer 10

condyloid- allows movement in 2 planes, allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction
pivot- there is a pivot joint at the elbow and between the first and second vertebrae, these joints allow twisting or rotation
hinge joint- these are found at the elbow, knee and ankle and they allow flexion and extension.
gliding joint- formed between the bones of the wrist and foot, these bones glide over each other and allow sliding or twisting movements, such as the hand action in hockey as you dribble a ball.
saddle joint- found at the base of the thumb, movement is flexion, extension, adduction and abduction and circumduction.
ball and socket- these give the greatest range of movement, found at the hip , shoulder and allow flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation.

Question 11

functions of the skeleton

Answer 11

supporting framework
leverage- length of bone determine height and the amount of force in which the bones can exert, for example t is an advantage to be tall in basketball
weight bearing
protection
source of blood cell production
store of minerals

Question 12

components of a synovial joint

Answer 12

muscle
bursa
synovial fluid
joint capsule
tendon
bone
articular cartilage
synovial membrane
ligament

Question 13

functions of articular cartilage and the ligaments

Answer 13

articular cartilage- designed to reduce friction and absorb shock
ligament- connect bone to bone and help hold bones in the correct position

Question 14

functions of the synovial membrane and the bursa

Answer 14

synovial membrane- secretes synovial fluid
bursa- reduce friction in the joint and act as a cushion between bone and another part pf the joint.

Question 15

function of the joint capsule and the synovial fluid

Answer 15

joint capsule- seals the joint and provides stability to the joint
synovial fluid- lubricates and reduces friction in the joint, supplies nutrients to the joint, removes waste products

Question 16

responses of the skeletal system

Answer 16

increases mineral uptake
increases production of collagen due to increased stress on bones as a result of exercise

Question 17

adaptations of the skeletal system

Answer 17

increased bone density and strength
increased ligament strength

Question 18

additional factors

Answer 18

arthritis- osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
osteoporosis