Skeletal system Flashcards
what the postural deviation called in which the shape of the spine is in a hunched back position
Kyphosis
what the postural deviation called in which the shape of the spine is an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
Why regular weight bearing exercises will help reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis
Weight bearing exercises cause an additional damage to the bone, this enables the osteoclasts to remove any old bone and the osteoblasts to build new bone. This helps to allow the bone to take more calcium and minerals meaning it would be less likely for a fracture.
function of short bones
weight bearing
increase stability
shock absorbent
examples of long bones
femur, ulna
function of long bone
red blood cell production
enlarge large movements
act as levers
examples of short bones
carpals
tarsals
examples of flat bones
cranium
pelvis
sternum
examples of sesamoid bones
patella
function of flat bones
protect vital organs
enable muscle attachment
function of sesamoid bones
ease joint movement
resist friction
what are the three types of joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
fibrous joint
these joints are fixed and allow no movement such as the coccyx and the sacrum, cranium
cartilaginous joint
these joints are slightly moveable joints, such as between the lumbar vertebrae
synovial joint
these are freely moveable joints and are important in sports as they provide the greatest range of movement.
6 types of synovial joints and explained with the range of movement they allow
condyloid- allows movement in 2 planes, allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction
pivot- there is a pivot joint at the elbow and between the first and second vertebrae, these joints allow twisting or rotation
hinge joint- these are found at the elbow, knee and ankle and they allow flexion and extension.
gliding joint- formed between the bones of the wrist and foot, these bones glide over each other and allow sliding or twisting movements, such as the hand action in hockey as you dribble a ball.
saddle joint- found at the base of the thumb, movement is flexion, extension, adduction and abduction and circumduction.
ball and socket- these give the greatest range of movement, found at the hip , shoulder and allow flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation.
functions of the skeleton
supporting framework
leverage- length of bone determine height and the amount of force in which the bones can exert, for example t is an advantage to be tall in basketball
weight bearing
protection
source of blood cell production
store of minerals
components of a synovial joint
muscle
bursa
synovial fluid
joint capsule
tendon
bone
articular cartilage
synovial membrane
ligament
functions of articular cartilage and the ligaments
articular cartilage- designed to reduce friction and absorb shock
ligament- connect bone to bone and help hold bones in the correct position
functions of the synovial membrane and the bursa
synovial membrane- secretes synovial fluid
bursa- reduce friction in the joint and act as a cushion between bone and another part pf the joint.
function of the joint capsule and the synovial fluid
joint capsule- seals the joint and provides stability to the joint
synovial fluid- lubricates and reduces friction in the joint, supplies nutrients to the joint, removes waste products
responses of the skeletal system
increases mineral uptake
increases production of collagen due to increased stress on bones as a result of exercise
adaptations of the skeletal system
increased bone density and strength
increased ligament strength
additional factors
arthritis- osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
osteoporosis
