Skeletal system Flashcards
What is the skeletal system?
a dynamic system of CT; balance between production and remodeling
What are the five functions of bone?
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Electrolyte and Acid/Base balance
- Blood cell differentiation
How do bones support the body?
Hold the body upright, support muscle cells and organs
How do bones protect the body?
Enclose important organs
How do bones use Electrolyte and Acid/Base balance in the body?
stores and releases IONS needed by the body and SALTS to buffer the blood
How do bones produce movement in the body?
Provide attachment sites for muscles
How do bones use blood cell differentiation?
Location of bone marrow the main producer of blood cells
What of the different bone shapes
- Flat –> SCAPULA
- Long –> FEMUR
- Short –> CARPALS
- Irregular –> VERTEBRA
What is in the Diaphysis? (Shaft)
Medullary Cavity, Nutrient Foramen, Endosteum (INSIDE), and periosteum
What is the Epiphysis (End of long bone)
- Articular Cartilage
- Spongy Bone
- Epiphyseal line
- Location of red bone marrow –> blood cell production
What is the Medullary cavity consist of?
Location of yellow bone marrow for energy storage and some red bone marrow
What does the Articular Cartliage do?
Covers joint to reduce friction
What is the Endosteum?
- Inside of long bone
- membrane lining medullary cavity
-contains osteogenic (BONE-FORMING) cells
What is the Periosteum?
- Tough membrane covering bone
- also has osteogenic layer
What is red bone marrow?
Found within spongy bone and it forms blood cells
What is yellow marrow?
Found within medullary cavity and stores fat
What tissues does bone consist of?
Cartilage, osseous tisue, epilthelium, nerve, blood forming, adipose, and Dense CT
Osseous tissue
CT bone tissue - it has a solid matrix
The extracellular matrix of connective tissue is composed of which of the following substances?
Protein fibers (collagen = gives flexibility) and ground substance
What does ground substance contain?
Hydroxyapatite crystals –> calcium phosphate + calcium carbonate (this makes it hard)
Spongy bone is also known as
Trabecular bone - has many spaces for vessels and marrow
Compact bone is also known as
Cortical bone - has few spaces for vessels and marrow
What is Cartilage?
CT that consists of chondrocytes (cells) that secrete collagen into a solid, but not mineralized matrix (RUBBERY)
What are Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells?
Stem cells that divide to replace themselves or produce osteoblasts; found in PERIOSTEUM AND ENDOSTEUM
What do osteoblasts do?
Secrete unmineralized bone matrix (osteiod) –> some mature into osteocytes
What is an Osteoid?
Colagen calcium-binding proteins
What are Osteocytes?
- Mature bone cells that help maintain surrounding matrix
- act as stress or strain sensors
- communicate with other bone cells to regulate bone growth and resorption
What are osteoclasts?
- large multinucleate cells of matrix destruction
- derived from the same stem cells that become white blood cells
responsible for bone resorption (destruction)
What is Lacuna?
pockets embedded in lamellae
What is canculli?
small channels running through bone that allow osteocytes to communicate
What is the haversian canal?
blood vessels pass through
What is lamellae
rings of bone
Volkmanns canal
connecting blood supply between osteons
Osteon
structural unit of compound bone
