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BIO EXAM 5 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

a dynamic system of CT; balance between production and remodeling

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2
Q

What are the five functions of bone?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Movement
  4. Electrolyte and Acid/Base balance
  5. Blood cell differentiation
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3
Q

How do bones support the body?

A

Hold the body upright, support muscle cells and organs

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4
Q

How do bones protect the body?

A

Enclose important organs

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5
Q

How do bones use Electrolyte and Acid/Base balance in the body?

A

stores and releases IONS needed by the body and SALTS to buffer the blood

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5
Q

How do bones produce movement in the body?

A

Provide attachment sites for muscles

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6
Q

How do bones use blood cell differentiation?

A

Location of bone marrow the main producer of blood cells

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7
Q

What of the different bone shapes

A
  1. Flat –> SCAPULA
  2. Long –> FEMUR
  3. Short –> CARPALS
  4. Irregular –> VERTEBRA
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8
Q

What is in the Diaphysis? (Shaft)

A

Medullary Cavity, Nutrient Foramen, Endosteum (INSIDE), and periosteum

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9
Q

What is the Epiphysis (End of long bone)

A
  • Articular Cartilage
  • Spongy Bone
  • Epiphyseal line
  • Location of red bone marrow –> blood cell production
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10
Q

What is the Medullary cavity consist of?

A

Location of yellow bone marrow for energy storage and some red bone marrow

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11
Q

What does the Articular Cartliage do?

A

Covers joint to reduce friction

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12
Q

What is the Endosteum?

A
  • Inside of long bone
  • membrane lining medullary cavity
    -contains osteogenic (BONE-FORMING) cells
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13
Q

What is the Periosteum?

A
  • Tough membrane covering bone
  • also has osteogenic layer
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14
Q

What is red bone marrow?

A

Found within spongy bone and it forms blood cells

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15
Q

What is yellow marrow?

A

Found within medullary cavity and stores fat

16
Q

What tissues does bone consist of?

A

Cartilage, osseous tisue, epilthelium, nerve, blood forming, adipose, and Dense CT

17
Q

Osseous tissue

A

CT bone tissue - it has a solid matrix

18
Q

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue is composed of which of the following substances?

A

Protein fibers (collagen = gives flexibility) and ground substance

19
Q

What does ground substance contain?

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals –> calcium phosphate + calcium carbonate (this makes it hard)

20
Q

Spongy bone is also known as

A

Trabecular bone - has many spaces for vessels and marrow

21
Q

Compact bone is also known as

A

Cortical bone - has few spaces for vessels and marrow

22
Q

What is Cartilage?

A

CT that consists of chondrocytes (cells) that secrete collagen into a solid, but not mineralized matrix (RUBBERY)

23
Q

What are Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells?

A

Stem cells that divide to replace themselves or produce osteoblasts; found in PERIOSTEUM AND ENDOSTEUM

24
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

Secrete unmineralized bone matrix (osteiod) –> some mature into osteocytes

25
Q

What is an Osteoid?

A

Colagen calcium-binding proteins

26
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A
  • Mature bone cells that help maintain surrounding matrix
  • act as stress or strain sensors
  • communicate with other bone cells to regulate bone growth and resorption
27
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A
  • large multinucleate cells of matrix destruction
  • derived from the same stem cells that become white blood cells
    responsible for bone resorption (destruction)
28
Q

What is Lacuna?

A

pockets embedded in lamellae

29
Q

What is canculli?

A

small channels running through bone that allow osteocytes to communicate

30
Q

What is the haversian canal?

A

blood vessels pass through

31
Q

What is lamellae

A

rings of bone

32
Q

Volkmanns canal

A

connecting blood supply between osteons

33
Q

Osteon

A

structural unit of compound bone

BIO EXAM 5 (4 decks)

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