Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones in the body? What % of body weight do they account for?
206 bones (more in children)
Makes up about 14% of total body weight
True of false; minerals in diet affect bones
True
What are the 5 purposes of the skeletal system
Structural support: for soft tissue, muscle, etc
Protection: acts as a protective cage for more delicate parts of the body
Growth center for cells: red, white blood cells, platelets are made in bone marrow
Reservoir for minerals: regulates levels or calcium, phosphorous, and more
Anchor for movement: muscle attaches to bones but tendons, muscles contract and move bones to facilitate movement
What’s the axial skeleton
Central part of skeleton, 80 bones (head, ribs, vertebral column, etc)
What’s the appendicular skeleton
Movable limbs and supporting structures, peripheral part of skeleton, import for movement.
What are the 5 types of bones & examples
- long bones: humerus, radius
- short bones: carpals, tarsals
- flat bones: scull (bones that usually protect vital organs)
- irregular bones: vertebra
- sesamoid bones: patella (bones wrap writhing tendons that move over bony surfaces)
Anatomy of the long bone: name the parts of the long bone from superficial to deep
Articular cartilage
Periosteum
Cortex
Epiphyseal plate
Compact bone
Cancellous bone
Medullary cavity
Epiphysis vs diaphysis
The diaphysis is the shaft of the bone and the epiphysis is the ends of the bone
Cancellous bone
Or spongy bone. Less dense and filled with small cavity’s full of bone marrow. Strengthens with exercise
Medullary cavity
Inside diaphysis of bone. Filled with yellow (made of mostly fat cells and connective tissue) and red bone marrow (where blood cells are made)
Periosteum
Outer connective tissue that covers whole bone (doesn’t unit w cartilage). Unites with ligaments and tendons to attaches bones or muscles.
Compact bone
Densest part of bone. Responsible for structural integrity. Thickest along diaphysis. Strengthens with exercise.
