Skeletal System

Question 1

What are long bones

Answer 1

Bones with a long axis
Humerus, radius, ulna, & tibia

Question 2

What are short bones

Answer 2

Bones without a long axis
Carpals, tarsals

Question 3

What are flat bones

Answer 3

Bones with a flat surface
Ribs, sternum, scapula, clavicles, skull cap

Question 4

What are irregular bones

Answer 4

Oddly shaped bones
Vertebra, facial bones, skull bones

Question 5

What are sesamoid bones

Answer 5

Bones that don’t articulate or serve a function
Patella, foot

Question 6

Condyle

Answer 6

Round projection that forms an articulate surface

Question 7

Head

Answer 7

Round projection that extends from a constricted neck

Question 8

Tubercle

Answer 8

Small projection for tendon attachments

Question 9

Trochanter

Answer 9

Large projection for tendon attachments

Question 10

Spine

Answer 10

Sharp projection

Question 11

Crest

Answer 11

Ridge or edge of the bone

Question 12

Fossa

Answer 12

Furrow hollow area

Question 13

Fissure

Answer 13

Deep and narrow opening

Question 14

Sulcus

Answer 14

Groove

Question 15

Foramen

Answer 15

Round opening in bone for blood vessels and nerves

Question 16

Meatus

Answer 16

Opening into a canal

Question 17

Periosteum

Answer 17

Thin dense outer covering of bone

Question 18

Cortical ( Compact) bone

Answer 18

Think dense layer under the periosteum

Question 19

Cancellous ( trabecular or spongy bone)

Answer 19

Portion at then end of long bones and flat bones ( contains red bone marrow)

Question 20

Endosteum

Answer 20

Trabecular membrane that lines medullary cavity inside of compact bone
Same as spongy bone

Question 21

Articular cartilage

Answer 21

Cartilage that covers surface of bones

Question 22

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 22

Fat reservoir in the medullary cavity of long bones

Question 23

Red marrow

Answer 23

In spongy bone where red blood cells are produced

Question 24

What is the diaphysis

Answer 24

First portion of the bone to develop as a fetus ( shaft of bone)

Question 25

What is the epiphysis

Answer 25

Develops later in childhood ( end of the bone)

Question 26

Epiphysis plate

Answer 26

Growth plate between the diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 27

Metaphysis

Answer 27

Wider part of bone where diaphysis turns into epiphysis plate

Question 28

Define ossification

Answer 28

The process of bone forming cartilage

Question 29

What are the 2 types of ossification

Answer 29

Intramembranous: Bone replacing cartilage in flat bones
Endochondral: bone replacing cartilage at the epiphyseal plate of long bones

Question 30

What is the process of bone growth and development

Answer 30

1. Skeletal growth begins in the center of diaphysis in utero
2. Postpartum growth occurs from center of diaphysis toward the epiphysis
3. Epiphysis plates appear
4. Irregular and short bones will appear at a specific age

Question 31

What is bone remodeling

Answer 31

The process of bone recycling itself

Question 32

Define osteoporosis

Answer 32

The loss of bone mass

Question 33

Define osteopetrosis

Answer 33

More bone mass

Question 34

What happens during the inflammatory stage of bone repair

Answer 34

Fracture bone = torn blood vessels
Chemicals are released to kill pathogens

Question 35

What happens during the soft callus stage of bone repair

Answer 35

Soft bridge formed and osteoblasts migrate to fracture site and begin developing fibrous cartilage

Question 36

What happens during the hard callus stage of bone repair

Answer 36

Compact bone formation takes longer due to its nature
Bone is structurally sound at this point