Skeletal System Flashcards
What are long bones
Bones with a long axis
Humerus, radius, ulna, & tibia
What are short bones
Bones without a long axis
Carpals, tarsals
What are flat bones
Bones with a flat surface
Ribs, sternum, scapula, clavicles, skull cap
What are irregular bones
Oddly shaped bones
Vertebra, facial bones, skull bones
What are sesamoid bones
Bones that don’t articulate or serve a function
Patella, foot
Condyle
Round projection that forms an articulate surface
Head
Round projection that extends from a constricted neck
Tubercle
Small projection for tendon attachments
Trochanter
Large projection for tendon attachments
Spine
Sharp projection
Crest
Ridge or edge of the bone
Fossa
Furrow hollow area
Fissure
Deep and narrow opening
Sulcus
Groove
Foramen
Round opening in bone for blood vessels and nerves
Meatus
Opening into a canal
Periosteum
Thin dense outer covering of bone
Cortical ( Compact) bone
Think dense layer under the periosteum
Cancellous ( trabecular or spongy bone)
Portion at then end of long bones and flat bones ( contains red bone marrow)
Endosteum
Trabecular membrane that lines medullary cavity inside of compact bone
Same as spongy bone
Articular cartilage
Cartilage that covers surface of bones
Yellow bone marrow
Fat reservoir in the medullary cavity of long bones
Red marrow
In spongy bone where red blood cells are produced
What is the diaphysis
First portion of the bone to develop as a fetus ( shaft of bone)
What is the epiphysis
Develops later in childhood ( end of the bone)
Epiphysis plate
Growth plate between the diaphysis and epiphysis
Metaphysis
Wider part of bone where diaphysis turns into epiphysis plate
Define ossification
The process of bone forming cartilage
What are the 2 types of ossification
Intramembranous: Bone replacing cartilage in flat bones
Endochondral: bone replacing cartilage at the epiphyseal plate of long bones
What is the process of bone growth and development
- Skeletal growth begins in the center of diaphysis in utero
- Postpartum growth occurs from center of diaphysis toward the epiphysis
- Epiphysis plates appear
- Irregular and short bones will appear at a specific age
What is bone remodeling
The process of bone recycling itself
Define osteoporosis
The loss of bone mass
Define osteopetrosis
More bone mass
What happens during the inflammatory stage of bone repair
Fracture bone = torn blood vessels
Chemicals are released to kill pathogens
What happens during the soft callus stage of bone repair
Soft bridge formed and osteoblasts migrate to fracture site and begin developing fibrous cartilage
What happens during the hard callus stage of bone repair
Compact bone formation takes longer due to its nature
Bone is structurally sound at this point
