Skeletal System Flashcards
bones have a very hard matrix due to
calcium salts
cartilages have a slightly pliable matrix due to
chondroitin salts
bones in human being
206
two divisions of human skeletal system
axial
appendicular
bones in axial skeleton
80
what constitute the axial skeleton
skull
vertebral column
sternum
ribs
number of cranial bones
8
number of facial bones
14
where is hyoid bone present and what is its shape
base of buccal cavity
U-shaped
three tiny bones in each ear and what are they collectively called
malleus
incus
stapes
ear ossicles
skull region articulates with the superior region of the vertebral column with the help of
two occipital condyles
since our skull has two occipital condyles, it is called
dicondylic
number of vertebrae
26
each vertebra has a central hollow portion called ________________ through which the spinal cord passes
neural canal
first vertebra is called
atlas
atlas articulates with
the two occipital condyles
differentiations of the vertebral canal and their numbers
cervical - 7
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
sacral - 1 (fused)
coccygeal - 1 (fused)
flat bone on the ventral midline of thorax
sternum
number of ribs
12 pairs
each rib is connected dorsally to ______________ and ventrally to ________________
vertebral column
sternum
why are ribs called bicephalic
because it has two articulation surfaces on its dorsal end to articulate with vertebral column
first _________ pairs of ribs are called true ribs, why
seven
because dorsally they are attached to thoracic vertebrae and ventrally are attached to sternum
with which cartilage
hyaline
which pairs are called vertebrochondral ribs and why
8th, 9th and 10th pair
because they don’t attach to the sternu directly but attach to the 7th pair
which ribs are called floating ribs and why
11th and 12th pair
because they are not attached to anything ventrally
which three bones form the rib cage
thoracic vertebrae
ribs
sternum
what constitute the appendicular skeleton
limb bones
pelvic and pectoral girdle
each limb is made of how many bones
30
bones in hand along with numbers
humerus - 1
radius - 1
ulna - 1
carpals - 8
metacarpals - 5
phalanges - 14
bones in leg along with numbers
femur - 1
tibia - 1
fibula - 1
tarsals - 7
metatarsals - 5
palanges - 14
patella - 1
what is patella
cup shaped bone that covers the knee ventrally - knee cap
each half of a pectoral girdle consists of
clavicle
scapula
scapula position according to ribs
between 2nd and 7th ribs
in scapula, slightly elevated ridge is called ____________ which has an expanded process called ____________
spine
acromion
below the acromion is a depression called _________________ which articulates with the head of ____________ to form the shoulder joint
glenoid cavity
humerus
clavicle is also called
collar bone
two bones of pelvic girdle
coxal
each coxal bone is formed by fusion of
ilum
ischium
pubis
cavity at which the thigh bones articulate
acetabulum
two halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally to form _____________________________ made of _____________________
pubic symphysis
fibrous cartilage
