Skeletal System

Question 1

Diaphysis:

Answer 1

ELONGATED, CYLINDRICAL PART OF A LONG BONE (BETWEEN TWO ENDS); THE SHAFT OF A LONG BONE

Question 2

Metaphysis:

Answer 2

BETWEEN EPIPHYSIS AND DIAPHYSIS; IN ADULTS

Question 3

Epiphysis:

Answer 3

KNOBBY REGION AT THE ENDS OF LONG BONE

Question 4

Medullary cavity:

Answer 4

INSIDE OF DIAPHYSIS; CONTAINS YELLOW BONE MARROW IN ADULTS AND RED IN CHILDREN

Question 5

Epiphyseal plate/line:

Answer 5

REMNANT OF EPIPHYSEAL PLATE THAT REMAINS WHEN LONG BONE GROWTH CEASES; THIN, DEFINED AREA OF COMPACT BONE

Question 6

Periosteum:

Answer 6

TOUGH OUTER LAYER THAT PROTECTS BONE; DOUBLE LAYERED

Question 7

Endosteum:

Answer 7

LAYER COVERING INSIDE OF BONE

Question 8

What is hematopoiesis? Where does it occur?

Answer 8

PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS; IN RED BONE MARROW

Question 9

OSTEOPROGENITOR:

Answer 9

COMES FROM MESENCHYMAL TISSUE; DEVELOP INTO OSTEOBLASTS

Question 10

What is the organic component of bone? What does this do for bone tissue?

Answer 10

OSTEOID; GIVE BONE TENSILE STRENGTH BY RESISTING AND TWISTING

Question 11

What is the inorganic component of bone? What does this do for bone tissue?

Answer 11

SALT CRYSTALS MADE UP OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; DEPOSIT AROUND LONG AXIS OF COLLAGEN FIBERS AND HARDEN THE MATRIX FOR COMPRESSIONAL STRENGTH

Question 12

intramembranous ossification begins w/what type of tissue? What does it make?

Answer 12

Mesenchyme; in bones of skull and collar bone

Question 13

endochondral ossification begins w/what type of tissue? What does it make?

Answer 13

Hyaline cartilage; upper and lower limbs, vertebrae, pelvis, and ends of clavicle

Question 14

In order, what are the zones of interstitial growth?

Answer 14

Resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage, and ossification

Question 15

Zone of resting cartilage:

Answer 15

small chondrocytes in cartilage matrix; farthest from medullary cavity and closest to epiphysis; resembles mature hyaline cartilage

Question 16

Zone of proliferating cartilage:

Answer 16

chondrocytes divide, align w/longitudinal columns that look like a stack of coins; columns are parallel to diaphysis

Question 17

Zone of hypertrophic cartilage:

Answer 17

chondrocytes stop dividing; lacunae become thin because of reabsorption of extracellular matrix

Question 18

Zone of calcified cartilage:

Answer 18

minerals are deposited in matrix; chondrocytes are destroyed

Question 19

Zone of ossification:

Answer 19

walls between lacunae break down, forming longitudinal channels that will be occupied by capillaries

Question 20

Growth hormone:

Answer 20

PRODUCES IGF WHICH CAUSES CARTILAGE PROLIFERATION AT EPIPHYSEAL PLATE, RESULTING BONE ELONGATION

Question 21

Thyroid hormone:

Answer 21

STIMULATES BONE GROWTH BY STIMULATING METABOLIC RATE OF OSTEOBLASTS

Question 22

Estrogen/testosterone:

Answer 22

STIMULATE OSTEOBLASTS; PROMOTE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE GROWTH AND CLOSURE

Question 23

Calcitriol:

Answer 23

STIMULATES ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM IONS FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE INTO THE BLOOD

Question 24

Parathyroid hormone:

Answer 24

INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS BY ENCOURAGING BONE RESORPTION BY OSTEOCLASTS

Question 25

Calcitonin:

Answer 25

PROMOTES CALCIUM DEPOSITION IN BONE AND INHIBITS OSTEOCLAST ACTIVITY