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PDHPE Module 2 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

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2
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

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3
Q

Cartilage

A

cushion between bones

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4
Q

Long Bones

A

longer than they are wide (ex: femur, humerus, Metacarpals, Metatarsals

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5
Q

Short bones

A
  • as wide as they are long (ex: carpals, tarsals)
  • provides support and stability with little movement
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6
Q

Flat bones

A
  • Sound, strong and flat (ex: scapula, sternum, cranium)
  • provides protection to the bodies vital organs and being a base for muscular attachment
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7
Q

Irregular bones

A

Nonsymmetrical shape
EX: Skull, Vertebra

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8
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)

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9
Q

Superior

A

toward the head

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10
Q

Inferior

A

away from the head

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11
Q

Anterior

A

toward the front

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12
Q

Posterior

A

toward the back

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13
Q

Medial

A

toward the midline

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14
Q

Lateral

A

towards the side

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15
Q

Clavicle

A

gives greater mobility to the shoulder joint when movement is taking place

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16
Q

Scapula

A

allows the arm to attach to the trunk portion of the skeleton

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17
Q

Bones of the upper limb

A

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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18
Q

Bones of the lower limb

A

patella, tibia, fibula, pelvis

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19
Q

axial skeleton

A

forms the long axis of the body and includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

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20
Q

vertebral column

A

24 moveable vertebrae in 3 sections:
1. Cervical: 7 vertebrae- C1-C7
2. Thoracic: 12 vertebrae- T1-T12
3. Lumbar: 5 vertebrae- L1-L5

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21
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

22
Q

fibrous (immovable) joints

A

No movement (skull)

23
Q

Cartilaginous (slight movable) Joint

A

only slight movement (spinal column)

24
Q

synovial (moveable) joints

A
  • freely movable joints
  • Cartilage covers bones near synovial joints so that ligament attachment can occur (hyaline)
  • Between two bones in these joints, there is a membranous sac called bursa
  • Bursae produces synovial fluid which covers the ends of the bones allowing smooth movement
25
Q

Planar joint (gliding)

A
  • Range of motion is limited and does not involve rotation
  • Found in carpal bones and tarsal bones, and between the vertebrae
26
Q

hinge joint

A

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

27
Q

Pivot joint

A
  • Allows for rotation around the length of a bone, and only allows for rotation. (example: wrists)
28
Q

condyloid joint

A

allows angular movement along two axes (example:wrist and fingers)

29
Q

saddle joint

A

allow angular movements similar to condyloid joint (thumb)

30
Q

ball and socket joint

A

allows the greatest range of motion (shoulders, hip joints)

31
Q

knee joint

A
  • largest and most complex joint in the body
  • typical synovial joint
  • most important structures in synovial joints are tendons, ligaments, cartilage and synovial fluid.
  • Ligaments are well-defined, fibrous bands that connect the articulating bones.
  • designed to assist the joint capsule to maintain stability in the joint by restraining excessive movement, but can also control the degree and direction of movement that occurs.
  • have no blood supply
32
Q

Tendons

A
  • tough, inelastic cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone
  • have blood supply
  • Joints are further strengthened by muscle tendons that extend across the joint and assist ligaments to hold the joint closed.
  • Tendons and muscles work together and can only exert a pulling force.
33
Q

synovial fluid

A

Secretion of synovial membranes that lubricates joints and nourishes articular cartilage

34
Q

hyaline cartilage

A
  • limited blood supply but receives nourishment via the synovial fluid.
  • thicker in the leg joints, where there is greater weight bearing
35
Q

Flexion

A

bending a joint

36
Q

extension

A

Straightening of a joint

37
Q

rotation

A

CIRCULAR MOVEMENT AROUND AN AXIS

38
Q

Elevation

A

raising a body part

39
Q

Depression

A

lowering a body part

40
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body

41
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body

42
Q

dorsi flexion and plantar flexion

A

-foot
-pointing of toes upward or downward

43
Q

Circumduction

A

circular movement of a body part

44
Q

Pronation

A

turning the palm downward

45
Q

Supination

A

movement that turns the palm up

46
Q

Protraction

A

Moving a part forward

47
Q

Retraction

A

moving a part backward

48
Q

skeletal muscle

A
  • only voluntary muscle- controlled consciously
  • every action requires skeletal muscle
  • Function= contract to move parts of the body that muscle is attached
  • most SM are attached to 2 bone across joint-muscle brings bone closer together
    Sm form long straight multinucleated fibres
49
Q

smooth muscle

A
  • found inside stomach, intestine, blood vessel
  • weakest of all muscles, makes organs contract to move substances through the organ
  • controlled by unconsious part of brain= involuntary
  • SV= smooth- contrast to sm and cm
50
Q

cardiac muscle

A
  • responsible for pumping blood throughout body (found in heart)
  • cannot be controlled consciously= involuntary muscle
  • brain stimulates itself to contract
  • cardiac muscle= striated

PDHPE Module 2 (3 decks)

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