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Sport Studies > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 4 Functions of the Skeletal System

A
  1. Support the body/ Provides framework
  2. Protection
  3. Blood Cell Production
  4. Mineral Storage
  5. Leverage
  6. Weight Bearing
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2
Q

Give 3 Examples of a Long Bone

A
  1. Femur
  2. Humerus
  3. Ulna
  4. Radius
  5. Tibia
  6. Fibula
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3
Q

Name 3 Functions of a Long Bone

A
  1. Movement
  2. Red Blood Cell Production
  3. Storage of Minerals
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4
Q

Explain how does the functions of a long bone effect an athlete

A
  1. Movement allows an athlete to perform actions which allow them to thrive such as a football player being able to move with the ball switch directions quickly to beat their defender.
  2. Red Blood Cell Production this helps because red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies meaning the more red blood cell produced the more oxygen taken to the body and energy those muscles will have.
  3. Storage of Minerals this is helpful because it strengthens teeth and bones and also allows players to continue blood production: which is needed for respiration, fighting infections and clotting.
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5
Q

Give Examples of Short Bones

A
  1. Tarsals
  2. Carpals
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6
Q

What are the functions of short bones

A

Weight-bearing

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7
Q

How does the function of a short bone effect an athlete

A

Weight-bearing helps the players with balance, coordination which can help players to perform better such as rugby players as they need balance to stay on there feet when being pushed back.

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8
Q

Give 3 Examples of a flat bone

A
  1. Cranium
  2. Ribs
  3. Pelvis
  4. Scapula
  5. Sternum
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9
Q

Functions of a Flat Bone

A
  1. Protects the internal organs
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10
Q

What is an example of a Sesamoid Bone

A

Patella

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11
Q

What is the function of a sesamoid bone

A
  1. Reduces Friction across a joint
  2. Protection
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12
Q

Irregular Bone

A

Vertebrae

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13
Q

Functions of an irregular bone

A
  1. Protection
  2. Movement
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14
Q

What does the vertebrae protect

A

The vertebrae protect and support the spinal cord.

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15
Q

What are the 5 sections of the vertebrae

A
  1. Cervical Vertebrae
  2. Thoracic Vertebrae
  3. Lumbar Vertebrae
  4. Sacrum
  5. Coccyx
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16
Q

What is ossification

A

This is the process of bone growth where a bone is constantly broken down and reformed by osteoblasts

17
Q

What are the 2 cells used in ossification and what do they do

A
  1. Osteoclast cells - Breaks down certain sections of the bone
  2. Osteoblast cells - rebuild the bone up increasing its length
18
Q

What are the classifications of joints

A
  1. Fibrous - Fixed, immovable
  2. Cartilaginous - Slightly movable
  3. Synovial - Freely moveable
19
Q

Bursa

A

A small sac of fluid between the tendons and bones which prevents friction

20
Q

Joint Capsule

A

It’s purpose is to protect the joint during exercise or sports

21
Q

Ligament

A

Joins bone to bone

• Allows stability at the joint during movement

22
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

It’s a connective tissue inside the joint capsule which releases synovial fluid to lubricate the joint and reduce friction

23
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Prevents the ends of bones from rubbing together at the joint

24
Q

Types of Synovial Joins and examples of where they are located?

A

Hinge - joint at the elbow, knee, ankle
Pivot - joint in the neck
Ball and socket - joint in the shoulder and hip

25
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a joint cause a decrease in angle between the bones

26
Q

Extension

A

Expanding joint causing an increase in the angle between the bones

27
Q

Plantar flexion

A

This is extension occurring at the hinge joint in the ankle and wrist

28
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

This is flexion occurring in the hinge joint in the ankle and wrist

29
Q

Abduction

A

A body part moving away from the body

30
Q

Adduction

A

A body part moving towards the body

31
Q

Rotation

A

Moving a body part around it’s axis
E.g football players foot turning sideways to receive or pass the ball

32
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of a limb at a joint
E.g butterfly strokes in swimming or baseball player arm when he throws the ball

33
Q

Responses of the Skeletal System to a exercise session

A

1) Weight bearing exercises stimulates the uptake of minerals = 2) Increase in bone density which can make bones stronger = 3) Reduces risk of getting osteoporosis (condition which makes bones brittle)

34
Q

Adaptations of the skeletal system (Long Term Training Effects)

A

1) Become denser and stronger the more they are used to ease the stress put on the body = 2) Become harder to fracture or break

Strengthens the ligaments

Sport Studies (2 decks)

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