Skeletal System Flashcards
Name 4 Functions of the Skeletal System
- Support the body/ Provides framework
- Protection
- Blood Cell Production
- Mineral Storage
- Leverage
- Weight Bearing
Give 3 Examples of a Long Bone
- Femur
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Radius
- Tibia
- Fibula
Name 3 Functions of a Long Bone
- Movement
- Red Blood Cell Production
- Storage of Minerals
Explain how does the functions of a long bone effect an athlete
- Movement allows an athlete to perform actions which allow them to thrive such as a football player being able to move with the ball switch directions quickly to beat their defender.
- Red Blood Cell Production this helps because red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies meaning the more red blood cell produced the more oxygen taken to the body and energy those muscles will have.
- Storage of Minerals this is helpful because it strengthens teeth and bones and also allows players to continue blood production: which is needed for respiration, fighting infections and clotting.
Give Examples of Short Bones
- Tarsals
- Carpals
What are the functions of short bones
Weight-bearing
How does the function of a short bone effect an athlete
Weight-bearing helps the players with balance, coordination which can help players to perform better such as rugby players as they need balance to stay on there feet when being pushed back.
Give 3 Examples of a flat bone
- Cranium
- Ribs
- Pelvis
- Scapula
- Sternum
Functions of a Flat Bone
- Protects the internal organs
What is an example of a Sesamoid Bone
Patella
What is the function of a sesamoid bone
- Reduces Friction across a joint
- Protection
Irregular Bone
Vertebrae
Functions of an irregular bone
- Protection
- Movement
What does the vertebrae protect
The vertebrae protect and support the spinal cord.
What are the 5 sections of the vertebrae
- Cervical Vertebrae
- Thoracic Vertebrae
- Lumbar Vertebrae
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
What is ossification
This is the process of bone growth where a bone is constantly broken down and reformed by osteoblasts
What are the 2 cells used in ossification and what do they do
- Osteoclast cells - Breaks down certain sections of the bone
- Osteoblast cells - rebuild the bone up increasing its length
What are the classifications of joints
- Fibrous - Fixed, immovable
- Cartilaginous - Slightly movable
- Synovial - Freely moveable
Bursa
A small sac of fluid between the tendons and bones which prevents friction
Joint Capsule
It’s purpose is to protect the joint during exercise or sports
Ligament
Joins bone to bone
• Allows stability at the joint during movement
Synovial Membrane
It’s a connective tissue inside the joint capsule which releases synovial fluid to lubricate the joint and reduce friction
Articular Cartilage
Prevents the ends of bones from rubbing together at the joint
Types of Synovial Joins and examples of where they are located?
Hinge - joint at the elbow, knee, ankle
Pivot - joint in the neck
Ball and socket - joint in the shoulder and hip
Flexion
Bending a joint cause a decrease in angle between the bones
Extension
Expanding joint causing an increase in the angle between the bones
Plantar flexion
This is extension occurring at the hinge joint in the ankle and wrist
Dorsiflexion
This is flexion occurring in the hinge joint in the ankle and wrist
Abduction
A body part moving away from the body
Adduction
A body part moving towards the body
Rotation
Moving a body part around it’s axis
E.g football players foot turning sideways to receive or pass the ball
Circumduction
Circular movement of a limb at a joint
E.g butterfly strokes in swimming or baseball player arm when he throws the ball
Responses of the Skeletal System to a exercise session
1) Weight bearing exercises stimulates the uptake of minerals = 2) Increase in bone density which can make bones stronger = 3) Reduces risk of getting osteoporosis (condition which makes bones brittle)
Adaptations of the skeletal system (Long Term Training Effects)
1) Become denser and stronger the more they are used to ease the stress put on the body = 2) Become harder to fracture or break
Strengthens the ligaments
