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Sport Studies > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Cardiac Muscle give an example?

A

A muscle that contracts to squeeze oxygenated blood to the working muscles
e.g the heart

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2
Q

What is a Smooth Muscle give an example?

A

A muscle which controls the flow of blood to less important areas e.g digestive systems

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3
Q

What is a Skeletal Muscle give an example?

A

A muscle which contracts, and pulls on the tendons which pulls the bones to allow movement to occur

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4
Q

Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles

A
  • Non-Fatiguing
  • Involuntary
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5
Q

Characteristics of Smooth Muscles

A
  • Slow Contraction
  • Involuntary
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6
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscles

A
  • Fatiguing
  • Voluntary
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of Muscle Fibres

A
  1. Type 1
  2. Type 2a / Type lla
  3. Type 2b / Type llx
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8
Q

What are type 1 muscle fibres

A

• Slow twitch fibres
• Contain Myoglobin and Mitochondria
• Slow fatiguing because previous point
• High Aerobic Capacity

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9
Q

What are type 2a muscle fibres

A

• Medium resistance to fatigue
• Fast contracting

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10
Q

What are type 2b muscle fibres

A

• Fast fatiguing
• Fastest contracting
• High anaerobic ability

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle contractions?

A
  1. Isotonic
  2. isometric
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12
Q

What the difference between isotonic and isometric?

A

Isotonic muscles change length when contracting meanwhile isometric muscles contract and stay the same length.

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of isotonic contractions

A
  1. Eccentric: The muscle lengthens during contractions
  2. Concentric: The muscle shortens during contractions
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14
Q

What are the antagonistic muscle pairs

A

• The agonist is the muscle that contracts
• The antagonist is the muscle that relaxes.

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15
Q

Fixator

A

Stabilises the origin of the agonist

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16
Q

Synergist

A

Stabilises the joint that is moving

17
Q

Responses of the muscular system to exercise? (Short term)

A

• Increased Blood Supply: Muscles will require more oxygen for exercise so blood supply to them will increase
• Increased Muscle Temperature : Heat is produced as a waste product.
• Increased Muscle Pliability: Due to the heat, muscles become more flexible
• Production of a Lactate: For Anaerobic exercises the body produces CO2 and Lactic acid as by product and the body compensated by using the lactic acid as fuel
• Microtears: During resistance exercise you cause microtears to your muscular tears which are repaired when the training is finished

18
Q

Adaptations of the Muscular System (Long Term)

A

• Increase Glycogen Store: There is more space to store this and use as energy
• Increase Fat Stores: There is more space to store this and use as energy
• Increased Myoglobin Stores: There is more space to store this and use as energy
• Hypertrophy: Muscles size increases due to regular physical activity and exercise
• Increased number and size of Mitochondria: It produces ATP, which is used to supply oxygen to muscles for exercise.
• Increased Tendon Strength: This improved strength, range of motion and injury prevention because the tendons become stronger and more flexible.
• Increased Lactate Tolerance

19
Q

Pathways of gases (Respiratory System)

A
  1. Starts at the Nasal Cavity or Oral Cavity
  2. Passes through the Pharynx
  3. Then the Epiglottis
  4. Then the Larynx
  5. To the Trachea
  6. After it goes to the Brioche
  7. Into the Bronchioles
  8. And lands in the Alveoli where gaseous exchange happens
20
Q

What is Gasous Exchanged

A

This is when oxygen moves from the alveoli ,which has a high concentration of oxygen, to the blood in the capillary , low concentration, and the CO2 moves from the blood to the alveoli. This whole process happens through diffusion.

21
Q

Mechanics of Breathing

A

Air enters the body causing the intercostal muscles to contract causing the ribs to move up and out and the diaphragm contracts and flattens and goes downwards
• When breathing out the opposite happens

22
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Is the amount of air that move in or out the with each respiratory cycle

23
Q

Minute Ventilation

A

• Minute Ventilation = Breathing frequency x Tidal Volume
• The volume of air inspired or expired each minute

24
Q

Vital Capacity

A

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after the maximum inspiration.

25
Q

Total lung capacity

A

How much air can be held in the lungs after maximum inhalation

26
Q

Residual Volume

A

Amount of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration

27
Q

Responses of the Respiratory System (Short Term)

A

• Increased Breathing Rate: To prevent fatigue and provide the required oxygen and nutrients.
• Increased Tidal Volume: Allows more oxygen to be inhaled and more CO2 to be exhaled

28
Q

Adaptations of Respiratory System (Long Term)

A

• Increased Vital Capacity: Becomes better at delivering muscles and removing CO2 because of increased strength

29
Q

What’s the difference between arteries and veins

A

• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
• Veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart

30
Q

What is the function capillaries

A

This is where gaseous exchange with the alveoli occurs

31
Q

What does SAAB PV stand for?

A
  1. Sinoatrial Node
    • Atrial Systole
  2. Atrioventricular Node
  3. Bundle of His
  4. Purkinje Fibres
    • Ventricular Node
32
Q

What composes the blood

A
  1. Red Blood Cells
  2. White Blood Cells
  3. Plasma
33
Q

Responses of Cardiovascular System (Short Term)

A

•Anticipatory Rise: Body knows it’s about to exercise so it prepares itself by transporting the oxygen and nutrients
• Increased Heart Rate: This is due to Anticipatory Rise
• Increased Cardiac Output
• Increased Blood Pressure
• Redirection of Blood Flow

34
Q

What is the Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction

A

• Vasodilation is when the arterioles widen to allow for more blood to go to the working muscles and to remove more waste products
• Vasoconstriction is when the arterioles become smaller to lower the amount of blood going to unused muscles E.g digestive system

35
Q

Adaptation of the Cardiaovascular System? (Long Term)

A

• Cardiac Hypertrophy
• Decreased Resting Heart Rate
• Increased blood volume

36
Q

Characteristics of the ATP-PC system

A

• It Lasts 10 seconds
• Takes 10-12 seconds to recover

37
Q

Characteristics Lactate System

A

• Lasts 2-3 minutes
• Produces Lactic Acid as a waste product
• 30-60 mins recovery time

38
Q

Characteristics of the Aerobic System

A

• Lasts 2mins to a few hours
• Waste product is CO2 and water
• Can take up to 2 days to recover

Sport Studies (2 decks)

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