Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the subgroups of the skeleton?
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Bones that line up along the central core of the body
Bones of the skull, neck, chest, and back
What bones can be found in the axial skeleton?
Cranium, Vertebral column, Ribs, and Sternum
What does the appendicular Skeleton consist of?
Bones that attach to the axial skeleton
Upper and lower limbs
Pelvic girdle and shoulder girdle
What is the skeleton system made up of?
Bones and Cartilage
What is cartilage?
Strong, flexible connective tissues that protect bones and joints
What are the functions of cartilage?
To provide a smooth surface for bone articulations
Support soft tissues
Shock absorber throughout the body
Enable the development and growth of long bones
What are the two types of bone?
Compact bone and spongy bone
What is bone made of?
Thin layer of compact bone
central mass of spongy bone
collagen fibers
intracellular matrix
What are functions of bone?
Protect vital organs
Support muscles to produce movement
Source of calcium and phosphorus
Producing cells
Provide strength for weight bearing
Characteristics of living bone
- Covered by a fibrous connective tissue membrane called periosteum
- Flexibility
- Rigidity
- Hardness
- Vascular and innervated
Describe bone development
- Mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondroblasts
- Perinatal capillaries grow into calcified cartilage of bones
- Supplied into bone interior
