skeletal system Flashcards
what are the functions of the skeletal system?
support, storage of calcium, protection of organs, blood cell production in bone marrow, leverage via joints
what are the 5 bone shapes?
long bone, short bone, flat bone, sesamoid bone, irregular bone
example of long bones?
humerus, femur
examples of short bone?
carpal and tarsal (square-shaped)
examples of flat bone?
scapula, skull, ribs
examples of sesamoid bones?
patella
examples of irregular bone?
vertebrae, sternum
enlarged region on both ends of long bone
epiphysis
area for bone growth in young animals
metaphysis
shaft of the bone where bone marrow is located
diaphysis
end of long bone where the bone grows from
epiphyseal line/plate
what are the two types of bone?
cancellous/spongy bone and compact/cortical bone
help cushion joint areas
cartilage
the center of bone where bone marrow is produced
medullary cavity
outer membrane/covering of bone that is the attachment site for tendons and ligaments
periosteum
what are the 3 types of bone cells?
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
mature bone cells
osteocytes
secrete a matrix and supply minerals to create new bone
osteoblasts
cells that breakdown and remodel bone
osteoclasts
what is compact bone made up of?
osteons
what two canals that contain blood vessels and nerves run along compact bone?
Haversian and Volkmann canals
what is the function of canaliculi?
move nutrients from the bloodstream to osteocytes
what bones make up the axial skeleton?
skull, ribs, vertebrae, sternum
bones of the forehead
frontal bone
caudal/behind to frontal bone
parietal bone
contains ear structure, located behind the eye socket
temporal bone
articulates with first vertebrae of spine, located in back of skull
occipital bone
lower jaw
mandible
upper jaw ventral to nasal cavity
maxilla
dorsal portion of nasal cavity
nasal bone
medial to side of eye socket; contains lacrimal/tear ducts
lacrimal bone
cheekbones
zygomatic bone
first portion of spine; contains (C1) atlas and (C2) axis
cervical vertebrae (C)
second portion of the spine; usually contains about 13 vertebrae
thoracic (S)
fourth portion of spine fused together into one; usually ab 3-5 vertebrae
sacral (S)
third portion of the spine; usually contains ab 6-7 vertebrae
lumbar (L)
final portion of spine; length depends on the length of tail
coccygeal (Cd)
hole where spinal cord runs through
vertebral foramen
the bony area around the vertebral foramen
body
dorsal and lateral part of the vertebral foramen
vertebral arch
dorsal spikes/projection of vertebrae
spinous process
lateral spike/projection of vertebrae
transverse process
joint with adjacent vertebrae
articular process
the gummy structure between 2 vertebrae
intervertebral disc
the ventral attachment site for some ribs and the dorsal attachment site for thoracic vertebrae; also called the breastbone
sternum
curved flat bones that articulate with the sternum and thoracic vertebrae
ribs
ribs with no connection to the sternum
floating ribs
bone that creates a sling to support tongue and larynx
hyoid bone
