Skeletal System Flashcards
It provides a supporting framework for the body, a firm base to which the muscles of locomotion are attached, and protects the softer tissues enclosed within the framework.
Skeletal system
It forms the central axis of the animal and comprises the skull, vertebral column, and the ribcage.
Axial skeleton
It is composed of the front and hind limbs, and limb girdles which attach them to the body.
Appendicular skeleton
It is found within the soft tissues.
Splanchnic skeleton
It acts as an internal “scaffold” upon which the body is built.
Support
It provides attachment for muscles, which operate a system of levers.
Locomotion
It protects the underlying soft parts of the body.
Protection
It acts as a store for the essential minerals calcium and phosphate.
Storage
Haemopoietic tissue forming the bone marrow manufactures the blood cells.
Haemopoiesis
How many bones are present in dogs?
321 bones
Bones that are proportionally longer than they are wide. (ex. femur and humerus)
Long bones
Bones about as long as they are wide, and each has only one growth center. (ex. carpal and tarsal)
Short bones
Bones that have two plates of compact bone with spongy bone in between.
Flat bones
Bones that are all irregular in shape. (ex. vertebrae and some skull bones)
Irregular bones
Bones with air spaces in them. (ex. certain bones of bird)
Pneumatic bones
Are ribs considered aberrant long bones?
Yes
Bones which are developed in tendons to afford increased leverage. (ex. patella and navicular bone)
Sesamoids
A part of a long bone (dense or cortical) that refers to the hard layer that constitutes the exterior of most bones and forms almost the entire shaft of long bones.
Compact bone
Spongy, composed of spicules arranged to form a porous network. The paces are usually filled with marrow.
Cancellous bone
The space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone. In young animals it is filled with red marrow which is gradually replaced by yellow marrow as the animal ages.
Medullary cavity
Refers to either end of a long bone.
Epiphysis
The end closest to the body.
Proximal epiphysis
End farthest from the body
Distal epiphysis
The cylindrical shaft of a long bone between the two epiphysis.
Diaphysis
A mature bone is the flared area adjacent to the epiphysis.
Metaphysis
A layer of hyaline cartilage within the metaphysis of an immature bone that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis. This is the only area in which a bone can lengthen.
Epiphyseal cartilage
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surface of a bone.
Articular cartilage
A fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone except where articular cartilage is located.
Periosteum
The most caudal bone of the skull.
Occipital bone
It is where the spinal cord passes.
Foramen magnum
It articulates with the atlas.
Occipital condyles
It forms the rostral part of the roof of the cranial cavity.
Frontal bone
A pointed process that partly forms the orbit.
Zygomatic process
Together with the frontal bone, it forms the roof of the cranial cavity.
Parietal bone
It lies below the parietal bone on the caudolateral surface of the skull.
Temporal bone
The most ventral part of the bone forms a rounded prominence.
Tympanic bulla
Unpaired bone, forms the rostral wall of the cranial cavity.
Ethmoid bone
Unpaired bond, lying ventral aspect of the skull, forming the floor of the cranial cavity.
Sphenoid bone
Depression in skull
Sella turcica
It forms part of the lateral of the air passageway dorsal to the soft palate.
(Plowshare bone) Gutter-shaped bone longitudinally separates the right and left basal passages.
Vomer
It supports the upper incisors and contributes to the formation of palatine fissure. Most rostral bone of the skull.
Incisive bone
Longitudinal bone forming the roof of the nasal cavity.
Nasal bone
It forms the osseous lateral walls of the face and a major part of the hard palate.
Maxillary bone
It lies at the medial surface of the orbit, which houses the eye.
Lacrimal bone
The zygomatic arch is an arch of bind that projects laterally from the skull, forming the cheekbone.
Zygomatic bone
It forms part of the hard palate, along with the maxilla and incisive bone.
Palatine bone
