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LGS - GCSE PE > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Label the skeletal system

A
  1. Cranium
  2. Scapula
  3. Clavicle
  4. Ribs
  5. Radius
  6. Pelvis
  7. Ulna
  8. Phalanges - Metacarpals - Carpals
  9. Femur
  10. Patella
  11. Tibia
  12. Fibula
  13. Talus/ Tarsals
  14. Metatarsals
  15. Phalanges
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2
Q

State the 4 functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. Shape and support
  2. Movement
  3. Protection of vital organs
  4. Red blood cell production
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3
Q

Explain and give an example of how the skeletal system provides shape and support

A

How? - Skeleton provides shape and support for the body. It forms a frame for which our muscles can attach and in which our organs can sit.

Example - The vertebrae enables us to stay upright.

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4
Q

Explain and give an example of how the skeletal system allows for movement

A

How? - Muscles are attached to skeleton via tendons. Movement occurs when muscles contract and pull on bones which makes them move about a joint.

Example - The bicep connects the shoulder and elbow and helps with flexion.

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5
Q

Explain and give an example of how the skeletal system provides protection for vital organs

A

How? - Internal organs are soft, delicate and easily damaged. These vital organs are protected by the skeleton.

Example - The cranium protects the brain. The ribs protect the heart and the lungs.

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6
Q

Explain and give an example of how the skeletal system produces red blood cells

A

How? - The centre of some large bones contains bone marrow, which creates red blood cells.

Example - The pelvis and femur are both important in blood production.

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7
Q

State the 4 types of bones

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
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8
Q

State the function and give an example of long bones

A

Function - Act as levers to produce a large range of movement.

Examples - Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges, clavicle

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9
Q

State the function and give an example of short bones

A

Function - Short bones are approximately as wide as they are long. Their function is to provide stability and support, with little movement.

Example - Carpals, tarsals

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10
Q

State the function and give an example of flat bones

A

Function - Provide a large surface area for muscles to attach to. They provide protection for organs.

Example - Pelvis, cranium, scapula

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11
Q

State the function and give an example of irregular bones

A

Function - These bones provide protection and support. They are shaped to suit the specific job they have to do.

Example - Vertebrae

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12
Q

Describe and give an example of a fixed/ immovable joint

A

Description - These bones cannot move at all and are found in the cranium. Also known as fibrous joints as the joints are connected via fibrous connective tissue.

Example - Cranium

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13
Q

Describe and give an example of a slightly moveable joint (cartilaginous joint)

A

Description - These joints can move a small amount as they are linked together by ligaments and cartilage.

Example - Vertebral column and ribs

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14
Q

Describe and give an example of a freely moveable joint (synovial joint)

A

Description - These joints have a large amount of movement and include a large number of parts.

Example - Elbow, knee, hip, shoulder

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15
Q

State an describe the parts that make up a synovial joint (6 parts)

A
  1. Synovial membrane - surrounds the joint capsule with synovial fluid.
  2. Synovial fluid - Acts as a lubricant that reduces friction in the joint; allows for smoother movement and reduces wear and tear.
  3. Joint capsule - Structure that surrounds and protects the joint, holding the bones together. Made up of an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane.
  4. Ligament - Strong, elastic fibres that hold bones together and keep them in place.
  5. Cartilage - Strong but flexible material found at the end of the bones that acts as a cushion to stop bones knocking each other.
  6. Tendon - A tough band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone and enables joints to withstand tension.
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16
Q

State, describe and name the location of two types of synovial joints

A

Ball and socket joint - Provide a large range of movement in every direction. One ball has a bone that fits into the socket of the other bone. Eg. Shoulder and hips.

Hinge joints - Act like hinges on a door, only allow movement in one direction. Eg. Elbow and knee.

17
Q

Which synovial joint (ball and socket or hinge) is generally more susceptible to injury, why?

A

Ball and socket - More motion about the joint = less stability = more wear and tear = more susceptible to injury.

18
Q

State the 8 types of movement at a joint

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Adduction
  4. Abduction
  5. Rotation
  6. Circumduction
  7. Dorsiflexion
  8. Plantar flexion
19
Q

Describe both flexion and extension and give an example of a joint where they occur

A

Flexion - Bending a part of the body, the angle of the joint decreases.

Extension - Straightening a part of the body, the angle of the joint increases.

Example joints - hip, elbow, knee, shoulder

20
Q

Describe both abduction and adduction and give an example of a joint where they occur

A

Abduction - Sideways movement away from the centre of the body

Adduction - Sideways movement towards the centre of the body

Example joints - shoulder and hip

21
Q

Describe both rotation and circumduction and give an example of a joint where they occur

A

Rotation - Turning point around an imaginary line.

Example - Turning head from left to right or turning your leg to point your feet and toes to the side.

Circumduction - The end of a bone moves in a circle.

Example - Swinging arms in a circle at your shoulder.

22
Q

Describe both plantar flexion and dorsiflexion and give an example of a joint where they occur

A

Plantar flexion - Movement in the ankle joint that points the foot away from the leg.

Example - Planting your foot on the ground while running.

Dorsiflexion - Movement in the anke where toes are brought closer to the shin.

Example - Lifting your foot off the ground while running.

23
Q

Describe the components of a synovial joint

A
  1. Synovial cavity
  2. Joint capsule
  3. Synovial fluid
  4. Cartilage
  5. Tendon
  6. Ligament

LGS - GCSE PE (7 decks)

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