Skeletal System Flashcards
Name the 5 different types bone
Flat bones Long bones Irregular bones Short bones Sesamoid bones
Where in the body can you find flat bones?
Sternum, ribs, cranium, pelvis
What is the role of flat bones?
They protect internal organs and act as suitable sites for muscular attachment
Give examples of long bones
Femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges
What is the role of long bones?
They act as levers for movement and sites for blood cell production
Give an example of an irregular bones
Vertebrae
Give an example of a short bone
Carpals and tarsals
Give an example of a sesamoid bone
Patella
What role do sesamoid bones have?
They ease joint movement and resist compression
Which bones make up the axial skeleton?
Cranium, Sternum, rib cage, vertebral column
Define the term ‘joint’
Where two or more bones meet
What is a ligament?
A tough band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
What is articular cartilage?
Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating. Ones to absorb shock and allow friction-free movement
What is the role of ligaments?
Connect bone to bone
Stabilise joints during movement
prevent dislocation of a joint
What is the role of synovial fluid?
Reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage
What is the role of articular cartilage?
Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement
What is the joint capsule?
A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
What is the function of the joint capsule?
It encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid
What is a bursa?
A closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons run over bones
What is the function of a bursa?
It reduces friction between tendons and bones
Name the 5 types of synovial joint
Hinge joint Pivot joint Ball and socket joint Gliding joint Condyloid joint
Where can you find a hinge joint?
Elbow, knee and ankle
Where can you find a pivot joint?
Between the axis and atlas at the top of the vertebrae
Where can you find a ball and socket joint?
The hip and shoulder
What is flexion?
Movement which decreases the joint angle
What is extension?
Movement which increases the joint angle
What is plantarflexion?
Pointing the toes
What is abduction?
Movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body
What is adduction?
Movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body
What is dorsiflexion?
Bringing the toes upwards closer to the tibia
What is rotation?
Movement where articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis
Which bones articulate the knee joint?
femur and tibia
Which bones articulate the ankle joint?
tibia, fibula and talus
Which bones articulate the shoulder joint?
scapula and humerus
Which bones articulate the elbow joint?
humerus, radius, ulna
Which bones articulate the hip joint?
Pelvis and Femur
What is the correct term for the skull?
cranium
What is the correct term for the spine?
vertebrae
What is the correct term for the collar bone?
clavicle
What is the correct term for the breast bone?
sternum
What is the correct term for the shoulder blade?
scapula
What is the correct term for the knee cap?
patella
Which bone can be found in the upper arm?
humerus
Which bones can be found in the forearm?
radius and ulna
Which bones can be found in the wrist?
carpals
Which bones can be found in the hands?
metacarpals
Which bones can be found in the ends of the fingers?
phalanges
Which bone is found in the thigh?
femur
Which bones can be found in the lower leg?
tibia and fibula
Which bones are found in the ankle?
tarsals
Which bones are found in the feet?
metatarsals
Which bones are found in the ends of the toes?
phalanges
What are the functions of the skeleton?
shape and support protection movement blood production mineral storage
Which type of bones is blood produced in?
red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow of long bones
Which bone protects the brain?
cranium
Which bones protect the heart and lungs?
Ribs
Which bones protect the spinal cord?
vertebrae
What is the role of a tendon?
connect muscle to bone
What is the role of a ligament?
connect bone to bone and stabilise the joint to prevent it from dislocating
