Skeletal Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Long Bone

A

have long longitudinal axes and expanded ends. Examples are the forearm and thigh bones

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2
Q

Short Bone

A

Somewhat cubelike, with their lengths and and widths roughly equal. Examples are the bones of the wrist and ankles

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3
Q

Flat Bone

A

platelike structures with broad surfaces, such as the ribs, scapulae, and some bones of the skull.

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4
Q

Irregular Bone

A

have a variety of shapes and are usually connected to several other bones. They include the vertebrae that comprise the backbone and many facial bones

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5
Q

Round Bone

A

also called sesamoid bones. They are usually small and nodular and are embedded within tendons adjacent to joints. Example is the kneecap (patella).

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6
Q

Epiphysis

A

Articulates (forms a joint) with another bone

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7
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of the bone, between the epiphyses

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8
Q

Periosteum

A

fibrous connective tissue covering on the surface on a bone.

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9
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense tissue in which cells are organized in osteons (Haversian systems) with no spaces.

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10
Q

Spongy Bone

A

The epiphyses are composed largely of this. It is also called cancellous bone. Consists of numerous branching bony plates.

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11
Q

Marrow

A

Connective tissue in spaces and in bones that includes blood-forming stem and progenitor cells.

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12
Q

Intramembranous bone

A

Bones that form from membranelike layers of primitive connective tissue.

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13
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells

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14
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that erode bone

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15
Q

Ossification

A

The formation of bone tissue

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16
Q

Endochrondral bones

A

Bones that originate as hyaline cartilage and are subsequently replaced by bone

17
Q

Suture

A

Twenty-two bones in the human skull are firmly interlocked along these things

18
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Two or more bones by fibrous connective tissue

19
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

Two or more bones that joined by cartilage

20
Q

Synovial joint

A

Freely movable joints

21
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

consists of a bone with a globular or slightly egg-shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone. Such a joint allows wider range of motion than does any other kind, permitting movements in all planes, as well as rotational movement around around a central axis. The shoulder and hips have joints of this type

22
Q

Condyloid joint

A

an oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone, such as in the joints between the metacarpals and phalanges. This type of joint permits a variety of movements in different planes; rotational movement, however, is not possible

23
Q

Gliding joint

A

also called plane joints. Articulating surfaces of these joints are flat or slightly curved. Most of the joints within the wrist, ankle, and those between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae belong to this group. They allow sliding and twisting movements. The sacroiliac joints and the joints formed by the ribs connecting with the sternum are also these joints.

24
Q

Hinge joint

A

the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, as in the elbow and the joints of the phalanges. Such a joint resembles the hinge of a door in that it permits movement in one place only

25
Q

Pivot joint

A

the cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament. Movement is limited to the rotation around the central axis. The joint between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna is of this type

26
Q

Saddle joint

A

forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions. The surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of the other. This physical relationship permits a variety of movements, as in the joint between the carpal (trapezium) and metacarpal bones of the thumb

27
Q

Functions of bone?

A

Provide points of attachment for muscles, protect and support softer tissues, houses blood-producing cells, store inorganic salts, and form passageways for blood vessels and nerves

28
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Suture between bones of skull, joint between the distal ends of tibia and fibula

29
Q

Cartilaginous Joint

A

Joints between the bodies of vertebrae, symphysis pubis

30
Q

Synovial joint

A

Most joints within the skeletal system

31
Q

Ball-and-socket joint

A

Shoulder; hip

32
Q

Condyloid or Ellipsoidal joint

A

Joints between the metacarpals and phalanges

33
Q

Gliding or Plane joint

A

Joints between various bones of wrist and ankle, sacroiliac joints, joints between ribs 2-7 and sternum

34
Q

Hinge joint

A

Elbow, joints of phalanges

35
Q

Pivot joint

A

Joint between the proximal ends of radius and ulna

36
Q

Saddle joint

A

Joint between the carpal and metacarpal of thumb