Midterm Study guide Flashcards
Levels of organization?
atom,molecule,macromolecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
What’s incorrect about DNA?
All forms of life are composed with cells with a membrane enclosed nucleus.
The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem?
sunlight
Lowest level of organization that is considered living?
cell
Which statement is incorrect regarding prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Has to due with prokaryotic cells not having membrane bound organelles
What’s a type of protein that’s considered a catalyst?
an enzyme
What kind of feedback is regulation of the pancreas pertaining to blood glucose levels?
negative feedback
Charles Darwin said organisms are adapted to their environment during descent with modification when the possess….?
inheritable traits enhance the survival and reproductive success of those organisms
Atomic number and atomic mass (possibly into neutron number)?
you subtract the atomic number and the atomic mass to find the number of neutrons.
Atoms can’t react when their outer shells are full,
meaning they are nonreactive
Know who gains and loses electrons during ionic bonds
K loses an electron and CL gains an electron
What’s the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
Covalent is sharing electrons, ionic is losing or gaining electrons
How is one successful in an evolutionary sense?
-To be most successful they must live short by offspring much
What theme(S) go along with evolution?
all of the above
What is a control group?
The group that does not receive what one is testing
Know why a control group is important?
You need something that doesn’t receive what you’re testing so you can compare it.
How do water’s bond with each other?
hydrogen bonds
Know bond strengths? (Which is not a weak bond)
Covalent is strongest to van der waals is the weakest
Hypothesis supported many times is a?
Theory
All the chemical reactions involved inside a cell(s)?
metabolism
Four most important elements everywhere?
-carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
What molecules have carbon?
organic
Identify the dependent variable?
Dependent variable is measurable change
For a protein molecule in between two amino acids to form what has to be released?
water
What kind of bonds are in between bonds in proteins like amino acids?
-peptide
Term used for a change in shape in proteins, like damaging it?
-denature
3 parts of a nucleotide?
-phosphate group, base, and a sugar
What is a perimidine?
-cytosine and uracil
What is a purine?
-guanine and adenine
What bonds with cytosine?
-guanine
What is the cell theory?
-Cells are the basic unit of life
A term for the cell membrane?
-phospholipid bilayer
What type of transport is needed to move sodium in and out of the cell?
-active transport
How to move water in and out of the cell?
-osmosis
Noticeable difference plants and animal cells under a microscope?
-cell wall for plants and it is green and is a box when animals are round
What attracts sunlight in chloroplasts?
-chlorophyll
What qualifies as a specialized cells?
-any type of cell that has a specialized purpose
What is the process of going from higher to lower concentrations?
-diffusion
A large question.. What is the function of ribosomes.
Make proteins
Particular organelle for making oils, etc.
Smooth ER
Tay sachs disease. What organelle is dysfunctioning if its getting clogged up?
Lysosome
Liver has to break down certain poisons?
Smooth ER
Organelle in a plant that takes up a bunch of room?
Vacuole
Energy, what organelle?
mitochondria
Two cells have it’s own DNA?
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
Organelle has grana and thylakoid and stroma?
Chloroplast
Light energy to chemical energy?
Chloroplast
Organelle that’s responsible for structure of cell?
Cell wall
Fluid Mosaic Model, where are phospholipid?
Inside of the membrane, they never go out
What is the purpose of proteins and lipids?
They help transportation
What kind of molecules would be able to go through cell membrane the easiest? A carrier protein, what would be a characteristic when it talks about which molecule it prefers?
for a certain type, only specific job. Smallest ones, hydrophobic
What’s diffusion?
In Passive Transport, High to Low Concentration
What process has to use ATP?
Active Transport. Potassium and Sodium
Electron Transport and Kreb Cycle happen where?
Mitochondria
Correct formula for photosynthesis.
6CO2+6H2O→ C6H12O6+6O2
Where does respiration occur?
Mitochondria
Food Chain on Earth?
Starts with Plants
Definition of Thermodynamics?
Energy
What’s the source of energy for metabolism?
ATP
ADP and ATP?
Phosphorylation
Enzymes, turn on and turn off?
Activator and inhibitor
Which reaction in photosynthesis creates oxygen and ATP?
Light Reaction and Dark reaction
Step of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen?
Glycolysis
Name of cellular respiration that happens w/o oxygen?
Anaerobic
