Skeletal structure Flashcards
What are the four major functions of the skeleton?
Shape and support
Movement
Protection
Blood production
What is shape and support?
This is our body’s framework, it provides shape for our body, holds our vital organs in place and allows us to have a good posture.
What is movement?
Our muscles are attached to our bones which allow movement. The skeleton has a variety of different joins which allow a wide range of mobility.
What is protection?
The skeletal structure protects our organs. Skull protects the brain, rib cage protects our heart and lungs, and the spinal column protects our spinal cord.
What is blood production?
Red and white blood cells are produced in bone marrow found in bones such as the ribs, humerus and femur.
Where is the Sternum located?
The breast
Where are the Ribs located?
Upper body
Where is the (colavicle) Clavicle located?
Collar
Where is the Scapula located?
Shoulder
What are the Phalanges?
The fingers or toes
What are the Metacarpals?
The hands
What are the Carpals?
The wrists
What & Where is the Radius?
It’s the bigger bone of 2 bones in the forearm and is on the thumb side lower part of the forearm
What & Where is the Ulna?
It’s the smaller bone of 2 bones in the forearm and is on the finger lower part of the forearm
What is the Humerus?
Upper arm bone
What is the Petella?
The kneecap
What is the Pelvis?
Hip bone
What are the Metatarsals?
The Bones of the Foot
What is the Fibula?
It’s the smaller bone of the two bones in the lower leg (outside of leg)
What are Tarsals?
The Ankle bones
What are the 3 types of bones?
Long, Flat & Irregular bones
Synovial Joint Diagram Link
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KI5TBPqCx3KQqtMC2Znxe1Gijou1ZdNT/view?usp=sharing
Skeletal Structure Diagram Link
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OBHzLXURr-PDvUA0Z8OWOeXoGUk0mGUa/view?usp=sharing
What are examples of Long Bones?
Fibula, Ulna, Radius
What are examples of Flat Bones?
Scapula, Sternum, Patella, Skull
What are examples of Irregular Bones?
Vertebrae, Metatarsals
Name all of the bones from the neck, to the head.
Frontal bone, parietal bone, nasal bone, cheek bone, cervical vertebrae
Where is the Tibia?
The tibia is the larger bone of two bones on the inside of the lower leg.
Where is the Femur?
The femur is the only bone in the upper section of the leg (Thigh)
What are the three parts of the spine, and where are they?
Cervical spine - Upper section of spine
Thoracic spine - Middle section of spine
Lumbar spine - Lower section of spine
What is the ball and socket joint and give two examples of where the ball and socket joint is.
The rounded head of one bone fits into fits into a cup-shaped socket of another.
This joint allows the greatest range of movement
e.g’s: the hip (below) and shoulder joints
What is the hinge joint and give two examples of where the hinge joint is.
A hinge joint is a type of synovial joint that exists in the body and serves to allow motion primarily in one plane (this could be backwards and forwards, but not the left and right etc.).
e.g’s: knee and elbow
What is the gliding joint and give an example of where the gliding joint is.
This type of joint has two surfaces which are flat and rub against each other. These small bones can move over one another to increase flexibility.
e.g. hands
What is the pivot joint and give an example of where the pivot joint is.
This joint is made when one bone twists against another.
e.g: neck (spine)
What is the ellipsoidal joint and give an example of where the ellipsoidal joint is.
This join is a synovial joint in which an oval-shaped process of one bone fits into an elongated or ellipsoidal cavity of the other.
e.g: fingers
What is extension (movement) and where does this movement occur?
Extension of a joint is where the joint is straightened.
Ball and socket & Hinge are the main joint types that can produce this type of movement.
What is rotation (movement) and where does this movement occur?
The rotation movement is where the joint rotates (duh).
The Ball and Socket & Pivot joints are the main joint types that can produce this type of movement.
What are abduction and adduction, and where are these movements produced?
Abduction and adduction movements can be produced by ball and socket joints. Abduction is where the limb is moved away the centre of the body and adduction is the opposite.
What are Synovial joints linked together by?
Synovial joints are linked together by ligaments and allow a wide range of movements.
What do Ligaments do?
Ligaments attach bone to bone.
What do Tendons do?
Tendons attach muscle to bone.
In cartilage, what does yellow, white and blue do?
Yellow - Forms structure of nose and windpipe
White - Stronger but less elastic. Acts as a shock absorber and can be found in between the vertebrae.
Blue - Found at the very end of bones. Very smooth, reduces friction where bones rub together.
What is the Synovial Joint?
The whole joint
What does the Synovial fluid do?
Lubricates the joint
What does the Synovial membrane do?
Seals the joint
What does the Synovial capsule do?
Surrounds the joint to prevent leakage
Spinal Cord Diagram
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UCHdJHHoHXsdA-x4oyMiMOaVbwl4qTVJ/view?usp=sharing
Synovial Joint Diagram
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KI5TBPqCx3KQqtMC2Znxe1Gijou1ZdNT/view
Skeletal Structure Diagram
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OBHzLXURr-PDvUA0Z8OWOeXoGUk0mGUa/view?usp=sharing
How many vertebrae are there in the cervical spine?
7
How many vertebrae are there in the lumbar spine?
5
How many vertebrae are there in the thoracic spine?
12
