Skeletal Pathologies Flashcards
Spina Bifida
Congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebra fail to develop, thus exposing part of the spinal cord
Dysplasia of the hip
Incomplete acetabulum formation.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory arthritis of the small joints of the hands and feet.
Gout
An increase in the blood level of uric acid leads to the deposit of uric acid crystals in the joints, cartilage, and kidneys.
Osteomyelitis
Local or generalize infection of bone or bone marrow that may be caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery. It is more commonly the result of an infection from a contiguous sourced, such as a diabetic foot ulcer.
Osteoporosis
Skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture.
Paget’s (osteitis deformans)
Common chronic skeletal disease; it is characterized by bone destruction followed by a reparative process of overproduction of very dense yet soft bones that tent to fracture easily.
Scoliosis
Abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine.
Spondylolysis/Spondylolisthesis
A defect or fracture in the pars interarticularis that is situated between the superior and inferior articular processes of a vertebrae.
Imaging appearance: Defect in pars, without displacement (if displacement is present, it becomes spondylolisthesis).
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
Inherited generalized disorder of connective tissue characterized by multiple fractures and an unusual blue color of normally white sclera of the eye.
Ankylosing spondylitis
Arthritis that affects the spine. The vertebrae’s fuse together, resulting in a rigid spine
-Bamboo spine
Osteoarthritis
Also called degenerative joint disease (DID), is a noninflammatory joint disease that is characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic (enlargement or growth) bone formation. Most common type of arthritis and is considered part of the normal aging process.
Multiple myeloma
Widespread malignancy of plasma cells that may be associated with bone destruction, bone marrow failure, hypercalcemia, renal failure, and recurrent infections.
Imaging appearance: Multiple punched out lesions.
Treatment: Radiation therapy, chemotherapy.
Bone metastases
Most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor. They occur in various parts of the body. Because this tumor arises from bone marrow or marrow plasma cells, it is not truly exclusive bony tumor. Highly malignant and usually are fatal within a few years.
Aseptic necrosis
Cystic and sclerotic degeneration due to injury, not infection. Essentially it results from the loss of blood flow to an area of the bone, causing bone death.
Dislocation
Displacement of bone no longer in contact with its normal articulation
Kyphosis
Abnormally excessive convex curvature of the spine. Occurs in the thoracic and sacral regions.
Legge-Calve-Perthe’s disease
A childhood hip disorder caused by a disruption of blood flow to the femoral head which causes avascular necrosis (death) of the bone. This causes the bone to stop growing
Lordosis
Excessive inwards (concave) curve of the spine.
Osgood Schlatter’s disease
Inflammation of the bone cartilage of the anterior proximal tibia, most common in boys 10-15 years old. The cause is believed to be an injury that occurs when the large patellar tendon detaches part of the tibial tuberosity to which it is attached.
Osteosarcoma
Highly malignant primary bone tumors that occur from childhood to young adulthood (peak age, 20 years). The neoplasm usually seen in long bones and may cause gross destruction of bone.
Spondylosis
Degeneration of the intervertebral disks.
Subluxation
Incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint.
Joint effusion
The presence of increase articular fluid
