Skeletal Pathologies

Question 1

Spina Bifida

Answer 1

Congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebra fail to develop, thus exposing part of the spinal cord

Question 2

Dysplasia of the hip

Answer 2

Incomplete acetabulum formation.

Question 3

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 3

Inflammatory arthritis of the small joints of the hands and feet.

Question 4

Gout

Answer 4

An increase in the blood level of uric acid leads to the deposit of uric acid crystals in the joints, cartilage, and kidneys.

Question 5

Osteomyelitis

Answer 5

Local or generalize infection of bone or bone marrow that may be caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery. It is more commonly the result of an infection from a contiguous sourced, such as a diabetic foot ulcer.

Question 6

Osteoporosis

Answer 6

Skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture.

Question 7

Paget’s (osteitis deformans)

Answer 7

Common chronic skeletal disease; it is characterized by bone destruction followed by a reparative process of overproduction of very dense yet soft bones that tent to fracture easily.

Question 8

Scoliosis

Answer 8

Abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine.

Question 9

Spondylolysis/Spondylolisthesis

Answer 9

A defect or fracture in the pars interarticularis that is situated between the superior and inferior articular processes of a vertebrae.
Imaging appearance: Defect in pars, without displacement (if displacement is present, it becomes spondylolisthesis).

Question 10

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

Answer 10

Inherited generalized disorder of connective tissue characterized by multiple fractures and an unusual blue color of normally white sclera of the eye.

Question 11

Ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 11

Arthritis that affects the spine. The vertebrae’s fuse together, resulting in a rigid spine
-Bamboo spine

Question 12

Osteoarthritis

Answer 12

Also called degenerative joint disease (DID), is a noninflammatory joint disease that is characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic (enlargement or growth) bone formation. Most common type of arthritis and is considered part of the normal aging process.

Question 13

Multiple myeloma

Answer 13

Widespread malignancy of plasma cells that may be associated with bone destruction, bone marrow failure, hypercalcemia, renal failure, and recurrent infections.
Imaging appearance: Multiple punched out lesions.
Treatment: Radiation therapy, chemotherapy.

Question 14

Bone metastases

Answer 14

Most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor. They occur in various parts of the body. Because this tumor arises from bone marrow or marrow plasma cells, it is not truly exclusive bony tumor. Highly malignant and usually are fatal within a few years.

Question 15

Aseptic necrosis

Answer 15

Cystic and sclerotic degeneration due to injury, not infection. Essentially it results from the loss of blood flow to an area of the bone, causing bone death.

Question 16

Dislocation

Answer 16

Displacement of bone no longer in contact with its normal articulation

Question 17

Kyphosis

Answer 17

Abnormally excessive convex curvature of the spine. Occurs in the thoracic and sacral regions.

Question 18

Legge-Calve-Perthe’s disease

Answer 18

A childhood hip disorder caused by a disruption of blood flow to the femoral head which causes avascular necrosis (death) of the bone. This causes the bone to stop growing

Question 19

Lordosis

Answer 19

Excessive inwards (concave) curve of the spine.

Question 20

Osgood Schlatter’s disease

Answer 20

Inflammation of the bone cartilage of the anterior proximal tibia, most common in boys 10-15 years old. The cause is believed to be an injury that occurs when the large patellar tendon detaches part of the tibial tuberosity to which it is attached.

Question 21

Osteosarcoma

Answer 21

Highly malignant primary bone tumors that occur from childhood to young adulthood (peak age, 20 years). The neoplasm usually seen in long bones and may cause gross destruction of bone.

Question 22

Spondylosis

Answer 22

Degeneration of the intervertebral disks.

Question 23

Subluxation

Answer 23

Incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint.

Question 24

Joint effusion

Answer 24

The presence of increase articular fluid

Question 25

Cystic bone lesion

Answer 25

Cyst in the bone.