Skeletal Muscle

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle give any alternative names

Answer 1

Skeletal/striated/ voluntary
Cardiac
Smooth/ involuntary

Question 2

Where does skeletal muscle occur?

Answer 2

At skeletal joints

Question 3

What is meant by the term antagonistic pairs?

Answer 3

One muscle must reflax for another to contract

Question 4

Thin filaments are also known as?

Answer 4

Actin

Question 5

Thick filaments are also known as?

Answer 5

Myosin

Question 6

What causes striation on skeletal muscle?

Answer 6

The arrangement of myosin and actin fibres

Question 7

Describe cardiac muscle

Answer 7

Branched to ensure charge distribution
Contain intercolated disks
Striated
Myogenic

Question 8

Describe smooth muscle

Answer 8

Slow to contract and slow to tire
Less striated
Two layers of smooth muscle

Question 9

Describe what happens at a neuromuscular junction

Answer 9

Action potential travels down the Motor neurone
Volatge gated Ca2+ channels open
Causes vesicles of acetylcholine to fuse to membrane
Acetylcholine diffuses out binds to receptors
Na+ channels open causes depolarisation
Wave of depolarisation travels down the T tubule to the sacrolemma

Question 10

When a motor neurone branches and controls more than one muscle what is this called?

Answer 10

Motor unit

Question 11

Describe slow twitch muscle and the conditions it requires

Answer 11

Slow contractions
Less powerful but over a greater period of time
Requires aerobic respiration and therefore rich blood vessel supply and many mitochondria

Question 12

Describe fast twich muscle and the condions it works in

Answer 12

More quick
More powerful but cant go for long periods pf time
Intense excerises 
Usually anerobic respiration
So needs many enzymes
Glycogen
And phosphocreatine

Question 13

What two filaments are present in a myofibril

Answer 13

Myosin and actin

Question 14

The myosin head can bind to?

Answer 14

Actin

Question 15

Describe the interrelationships between tropomyosin tropanin and actin

Answer 15

Tropomyosin hides actin binding sites. It also binds to tropnin
Troponin has binding sites if Ca2+ binds it changes shape
Uncovers the actin site by moving tropomyosin in this shape change

Question 16

An action potential has arisen down t tubules, describe how this triggers a muscular response

Answer 16

Action potential reaches sarcoplasmic reticulum 
Releases Ca2+ into the sarcoplasm
Ca2+ reaches troponin binding sites 
Allows myosin and actin to bind 
Allows sliding filament hypothesis

Question 17

Describe the sliding filament hypothesis

Answer 17

ATP attaches to myosin head
ATP—-> ADP + Pi
Moves myosin head back storing elastic potential energy
Myosin attches to actin sites
Power stroke occurs where myosin head snaps forward
ATP inputted causing myosin to detach
Shortens the sacromere

Question 18

How are muscle contractions stopped?

Answer 18

Ca2+ ions are actively transported back into the sacroplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Other than aerobic and traditional anaerobic respiration describe how energy for muscle contraction can occur

Answer 19

Creatine phosphate
Phosphate removed
Added to ADP
ATP formed