Skeletal Muscle Flashcards
What is the epimysium?
A layer of connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle
What is the perimysium?
A layer of connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle or bundle of muscle fibers.
What is the endomysium?
Connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle fiber.
In muscle attachment, what is the origin?
The attachment site where the bone remains immobile.( There are some exceptions to this)
What is the insertion?
The attachment site where the bone moves in response to muscle contraction
What are hypaxial muscles?
Also called extrinsic muscles. The muscles of the back that are innervated by ventral rami.
Most superficial layers of the back just deep to skin.
List the extrinsic back muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid major and minor
Levator scapulae
Serratus posterior
Serratus inferior
Trapezius
List the extrinsic back muscles.
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid major and minor
Levator scapulae
Serratus anterior
Serratus posterior Superior
Serratus posterior inferior
What does a spinal nerve divide into?
The dorsal and ventral rami
What combines to form a spinal nerve? What does each component carry
The dorsal root which receives sensory information and the ventral root which sends out motor impulses.
This is described in Bell Magendie’s law
What is white matter made of?
Tracks, myelinated axons
What is gray matter made of?
Cell bodies, form a butterfly shape in spinal column
What is a dermatome?
A dermatome is a specific area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve dorsal root. They are arranged in a segmental pattern.
What is a muscle fiber
A muscle fiber is another name for a muscle cell, or myocyte.
What is a muscle fascicle?
What does each fascicle have?
A collection of muscle fibers organized and bundled together. Each fascicle has its own nerve and blood supply
What is the first branch off the arch of the aorta? And what do the components of its name mean?
The brachiocephalic trunk
Brachio means arm
Cephalic means head
And trunk implies that it will Branch
What does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into? And where does each branch go?
The brachiocephalic trunk divides into:
Right Subclavian artery which goes to the shoulder and arm
Right common carotid artery which goes to the Head
What is the second branch off the arch of the aorta?
The left common carotid artery
What is the third branch off the Arch of the aorta?
The left subclavian artery
What is an aponeurosis?
A flat sheet of tendon-like tissue that anchors muscle over a broad origin. Fibrous tough white and shiny.
What is another name for the thoracolumbar fascia? Where is it located?
Also called the thoracolumbar aponeurosis. It is located in the lumbar and thorax regions.
What are the layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?
Posterior layer: visible deep to skin, covers erector spinae muscles, attaches to spinous processes.
Middle Layer: attaches to transverse processes runs between erector spinae muscles and quadratus lumborum.
Anterior Layer: attaches to transverse processes runs deep to quadratus lumborum.
What is the ligamentum nuchae? Where does it attach?
The ligamentum nuchae is a bilaminar ligament.
Attachment: to the EOP median nuchal line, and spinous processes of C1 through C7.
What is the function of the ligamentum nuchae?
To provide attachment for trapezius rhomboids and intrinsic muscles.
Passively supports the head in extension.
