Skeletal Exam Flashcards
Nerves that go through foramen rotundum
CNV - Trigeminal
Which of the four bone shapes is the patella
Short
Types of synovial joint movement
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, inversion, eversion
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
Five
What type of cartilage is found between the vertebrae of the spine?
Fibrocartilage
Bone absorbing cells
Osteoclast
Freely movable joints such as ball and socket hip shoulder and knee joint
Synovial
Which structure and bone stores fat?
Yellow marrow
Composed of osteons with a central canal containing blood vessels, contains living bone cells called osteocytes and chambers called lacunae
Compact bone
Bone marrow that makes blood cells is usually found in spongy bone and flat bone
Read bone marrow
Tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Tendons
Which bones in infants are hemopoietic?
All bones
Where in bone or osteoclast located?
Howeships Lacunae
What type of hyaline cartilage is found on the end of long bones?
Articular cartilage
Which synovial joint movement is when the foot turns out work?
Eversion
Nerves that go through hypoglossal canal
CNXII
How many pair of ribs are floating
Two
What hormone stimulates general bone growth in the epiphyseal plates
Growth hormone
Nerves that go through foramen ovale
CNV - Trigeminal
Mature bone cells that maintain bone structure derive from osteoblast
Osteocytes
Which bone is known as the breastbone?
Sternum
What hormone promotes osteoblast activity builds bone and reduces blood calcium?
Calcitonin
Where is fibrocartilage located
And the days between vertebrae and in the knee
Which vitamin stimulates sulfate synthesis?
A
Articulate with C1
Occipital condyles
Which step in the ossification is where osteoblasts secrete bone matrix?
Second bone collar formation
How many vertebrae are fused
Nine
Which of the blood vessels in bone are perforating canals that run at a right angle?
Volkmann’s canal
Bone forming
Osteoblast
Usually in movable joint such as the sutures between cranial bones
Fibrous
Disorder were too much growth hormone after epiphyseal plate close causing a large hands feet and face
Acromegaly
What portion of the ass to put a bone articulates with the C1 vertebrae?
Occipital condyle
What is another name for the central canal of the osteon?
Haversian Canal
Which bone storms the cheekbones
Zygomatic
What hormone stimulates osteoclast activity releasing calcium into the blood and also promotes calcium absorption?
Parathyroid hormone
Made of plates with space is filled with red bone marrow
Spongy bone
Slightly movable joint such as the invertebral disc
Cartilaginous
Compact bone surrounded by periosteum and endosteum is known as what?
Diaphysis
When bones are weakened due to decreased bone mass we call this what?
Osteoporosis
Ends of the bow made mostly of spongy
Epiphysis
Which vitamin is for collagen synthesis ?
C
Posterior cranial vault and cranial base for foramen magnum
Occipital bone
Which cells can no longer divided but have main function and maintaining and monitoring bone?
Osteocytes
What are the names of the four sutures of the skull?
Lamboid, Coronel, squamous, sagittal
Floor of anterior cranial fossa, roof lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity, deepest cranial bone
Ethmoid bone
Total number of vertebrae in each section
Seven cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, five sacrum, four coccyx
Disorder where to little growth hormone secretion before the epiphyseal plate on the ends of long bones have closed
Pituitary dwarfism
Which part of the brain sits in the cranial fossa
Occipital lobe and cerebellum
Which step into a repair is where a blood clot is for in between the bones?
Hematoma
Which disorder is from osteoblast over activity?
Paget’s disease
Lacunae are connected by tiny blood vessels known as what?
Canaliculi
Three ways to identify skeletal remains
Age, gender, ethnicity
Roof and lateral and posterior walls of cranial vault
Parietal bone
Which type of cartilage growth is gross from the outside in?
Appositional
Which hormone promotes osteoblasts activity?
Calcitonin
Which vitamin form is calcium and increases absorption?
D3
Total number of ribs in each section
24 ribs, 12 pairs, seven pairs of true ribs, three pairs of false ribs, two pairs of floating ribs
Which bone disorder is inadequate bone mineralization that causes pain and stress on bones?
Osteomalacia
Steps in bone repair
Hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, remodeling
Skeletal cartilage are surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue
Perichondrium
Which bone contains a body with a greater, lesser wing and processes?
Sphenoid
Which vitamin will allow synthesis of proteins through bone?
K & B 12
Where are the four fontanelles
Anterior, posterior, mastoid, sphenoid
When cartilage is replaced by bone and is used by most bones what type of ossification do we call this?
Endochondral
Which disorder is from vitamin D deficiency?
Rickets
What foramen does the CNV use?
Superior orbital fissure, foramen rotunda, foramen ovale
The maxilla articulates with all facial bones except which one?
Mandible
When does the anterior fontanelle close?
18 to 24 months or 1 1/2 to 2 years
Nerves that go through Cribiform plate
CNI - olfactory nerve
What are the two types of ossification
Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification
What do we call skullcap?
Calavari
Where is the structure that fuses the right and left half of the mandible?
Mandibular synthesis
Living outer covering of fibrous connective tissue
Periosteum
Disorder when there’s too much growth hormone before epiphyseal plates close long stature can cause poor health
Giantism
Where is Hyaline cartilage located?
Ends of long bones, the nose, ends of ribs, the larynx and trachea
Nerves that go through the superior orbital fissure
CNIII - Oculomotor CNIV - Trochlear CNV - Trigeminal CNVI - Abducens
Which zone of epiphyseal are where chondrocytes are dying?
Calcified cartilage zone
Vertebrae are considered what shape of bone
Irregular
Which type of joint is usually immovable?
Fibrous
What is the membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones?
Periosteum
Which bone forms the roof lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid
Identify three functions of the skeletal system
Support the body
produce blood cells
store minerals
Which type of cell is cartilage forming cells?
Chondrocytes
Which hormones are converted to increase growth during adolescence?
Sex hormones
Nerves that go through the optic foramen
CNII - Optic Nerve
Name of the phenomenon wear compression causes an electric affect and retention?
Piezoelectric affect
Steps and endochondral ossification
Cartilage model, bone collar formation, primary ossification center, secondary ossification sites, epiphyseal plate
Where is elastic cartilage located
Ear flaps and epiglottis
What are three types of cartilage
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
Which cell becomes osteoblast?
Osteogenic Cells
Nerves that go through internal acoustic meatus
CNVII CNVIII
Which step in the ossification process is where cartilage band that acts as a growth plate allows for bones to lengthen?
Fifth epiphyseal plate
How many bones are in the adult bone skeleton?
206
What is the structure that attaches one bone to another bone?
Ligaments
Nerves that go through jugular foramen
CNIX, CNX, CNXI
Which phone is the only bone in the human skeleton that doesn’t articulate with another bone
Hyoid bone
Nerves that go through foramen magnum
CNXI
Identify three wrist factors for osteoporosis
Diet, age, family history
Which zone of the epiphyseal cartilage is where large chondrocytes like glycogen cytoplasm are present?
Hypertrophied cartilaginous zone
Farms for head in roof of orbit, supra orbital margin, anterior cranial fossa, frontal sinus
Frontal bone
