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Med Term > Skeletal CHP 4 > Flashcards

Skeletal CHP 4 Flashcards

test prep

1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull, facial bones, sternum, ribs and vertebrae

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Connects appendages to axial; shoulder girdle, arm, wrist, hands, pelvic girdle, leg, ankle, foot

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3
Q

Functions of Skeletal

A

Support, protection, mineral storage (calcium, phosphorus), blood cells formation, anchoring and movement of muscles

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4
Q

Tendons

A

Muscle to bone

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5
Q

Ligaments

A

Bones to bones

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6
Q

Bones

A

Dense, connective tissue made of collagen fibers and minerals, 206 bones

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7
Q

Long bones location

A

Extremities (limbs)

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8
Q

Short bones description

A

Hands and feet, cube shaped and composed of spongy bone

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9
Q

Flat bones description

A

protects vital organs and provides broad surface for muscle attachment

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10
Q

Flat bones examples

A

Cranium, facial bones, sternum, scapulae

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11
Q

Sesamoid bone description

A

Embedded within tendons and enable joint movement

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12
Q

Sesamoid bone examples

A

Patella, hands, wrists, feet

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13
Q

Irregular bones description

A

Have a complex shape and provide support and protection, yet flexible movement

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14
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae, jawbone and coccyx

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15
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

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16
Q

Epiphysis

A

end of a long bone

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17
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

An area of tissue that is replaced by new, bony tissue as the bone grows (form new bone). This is responsible for the lengthening of bone during childhood and adolescence. The growth plate calcified and disappears as bone achieves full growth.

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18
Q

Cortical bone (compact)

A

Lies under the periosteum and mainly around the diaphysis of a long bones. In long bones, cortical bones have the medullary cavity.

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19
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer membrane of a bone

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20
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Contains yellow bone marrow composed of fat cells

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21
Q

Cancellous bone (trabecular)

A

Porous and less dense than compact bone. Called spongy bone. Found in the epiphyses of long bones. Contain red bone marrow which perform hematopoiesis.

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22
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Where white and red blood cells are manufactured as well as platelets

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23
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Production of blood cells in the bone marrow

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24
Q

Joint

A

Any place in the body where two or bones connect

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25
Q

diarthroses

A

Freely movable joints

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26
Q

Ball and socket (diarthroses)

A

Head of humerus and scapula

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27
Q

gliding (diarthroses)

A

Carpal bones

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28
Q

hinge (diarthroses)

A

Humerus and ulna

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29
Q

Pivot (diarthroses)

A

Radius and ulna

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30
Q

Condylar (diarthroses)

A

Phalanges and metacarpal

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31
Q

Saddle (diarthroses)

A

Metacarpal and carpal bone

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32
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable joints; rib and pelvis

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33
Q

Synarthroses

A

Immovable joints, the cranium

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34
Q

Synovial joints

A

Contains a membrane that secretes synovial fluid; acts as a lubricant to reduce friction between bones; ball and socket and hinge joints

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35
Q

Bursa sac

A

Contains synovial fluid

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36
Q

Bone processes

A

Areas on bone that extend outward and serve as attachment zones for tendons and muscles

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37
Q

Tubercules

A

Small round process found on many bones

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38
Q

Trochanter (process)

A

One of two large processes found on thigh bone

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38
Q

Tuberosity (process)

A

Large rough process on many bones

39
Q

Bone depression

A

opening or hollow region in the surface of a bone where one bone articulates with another to form a joint; may also serve as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels

39
Q

Condyle (a process)

A

rounded knuckle process at a joint

40
Q

Fossa (BD)

A

Shallow pit or cavity in or on a bone

41
Q

Foramen (BD)

A

passageway for blood vessels and nerves

42
Q

Fissure (BD)

A

Deep, narrow, slit like opening

43
Q

Sulcus (BD)

A

Groove or furrow)

44
Q

Sinus (BD)

A

Hollow cavity within a bone

45
Q

Sutures

A

Where cranial bones attach to each other at joints

45
Q

Skull

A

Contains facial and cranial bones

46
Q

Cranium

A

Bones that protect the brain

47
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spots on cranial bones due to them not joining; in newborns

48
Q

Frontal bone

A

The forehead

49
Q

Parietal

A

Forms the roof and upper sides of the cranium

50
Q

Occipatal

A

Forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium

51
Q

Temporal

A

forms the sides and base of the cranium

52
Q

Sphenoid

A

Forms part of the base of the skull and the floor and sides of eye sockets

53
Q

Ethmoid

A

Forms part of the nose, eye sockets and floor of the cranium

54
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jawbone; only facial bone capable of movement

55
Q

Nasal bones

A

Make up nose bridge

56
Q

Vomer

A

Septum; dividing line between left and right cavities of the nose

57
Q

Zygomatic

A

Cheekbones

58
Q

Palatine

A

Posterior part of the hard palate in the mouth

59
Q

Maxillary

A

Upper jawbone

60
Q

Lacrimal

A

Makes up eye sockets

61
Q

Thorax (ribcage)

A

Made of sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae

62
Q

Ribcage (thoracic cage)

A

Protects vital organs; cartilage allows for movement of the thorax during movement

63
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone; anterior attachment for ribs; manubrium; body and xiphoid process

64
Q

Costals

A

12 pairs of ribs which attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae. 24 bones arranged in 12s.

65
Q

True ribs

A

First seven pair of costals, attach anteriorly to the costal cartilage/sternum

66
Q

False ribs

A

Three pairs of ribs (8-10) indirectly attach to the sternum by connecting with the cartilage of the ribs above them

67
Q

Floating ribs

A

Last two pairs of costals (11-12), don;t attack to sternum or cartilage but to the vertebrae

68
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

Made of 12 vertebrae (segments), posterior attachment for ribs, T-spine

69
Q

Vertebral column

A

Spine; 26 bone segments arranged in five section to protect the spinal cord

70
Q

Intervertebral disks

A

Between most vertebrae; composed of cartilage and act as shock absorbers, allowing for movement of the spinal cord

71
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7 bones, C-spine, make up the neck region

72
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Five bones, L-spine, curves in the lower back and is the strongest and largest vertebrae

73
Q

Sacrum

A

S-spine, slightly curved and triangular, made of 5 segments that fuse to become one during childhood

74
Q

Coccyx

A

4 small bones that fuse during early adulthood to form the tailbone; coccygeal fusion

75
Q

Shoulder girdle

A

Attach upper extremities to axial skeleton, clavicle, sternum and scapula.

76
Q

Humerus

A

upper arm bone

77
Q

Radius

A

Smaller bone found on the thumb side of the forearm

78
Q

ulna

A

Larger forearm bone, proximal end forms the elbow

79
Q

Carpal (UE)

A

8 make up the wrist

80
Q

Metacarpal (UE)

A

5 bones make up the hand

81
Q

Phalanges (UE)

A

14 make up the finger bones. Each finger has 3 phalanges (proximal, medial, distal) while thumb has 2 phalanges (proximal and distal)

82
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Attachment of lower extremities to axial skeleton

83
Q

Ischium

A

Posterior part of pelvic bone

84
Q

Ilium

A

Broad, blade shaped bone that forms the upper part of each side of the pelvis

85
Q

Pubis

A

Anterior part of pelvic bone

86
Q

Femur

A

Thigh bone; upper leg; longest bone

87
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap, forms anterior part of the knee

88
Q

tibia

A

Shinbone, medially located lower leg bone

89
Q

Fibula

A

Located laterally to tibia, smaller of the lower leg bones

90
Q

Tarsal

A

7 make up the ankle

91
Q

Calcaneous

A

Heel bone, largest of the tarsal bones

92
Q

Talus

A

second largest tarsal bone; anklebone

93
Q

Metatarsals (LE)

A

5 make up the bones of the foot

94
Q

Phalanges (LE)

A

14 phalanges, 2 on the big toe (proximal and distal) and 3 on the other four toes (proximal, medial and distal)

Med Term (2 decks)

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