Chapter 5

Question 1

Muscular system functions

Answer 1

Holding body parts in position and making movement, protective covering of organs, producing heat to keep body warm, moving food through digestive system, aiding blood flow through the veins as blood returns to the heart, assisting with the movement of fluids through ducts and vessels

Question 2

Muscle definition

Answer 2

Body tissue made up of bundles of fibers held together by connective tissue.
Nerves stimulate these fibers, making them contract

Question 3

Voluntary muscles

Answer 3

Muscles stimulated and controlled consciously through the force of your will. Happens when give thought to actions.

Question 4

Involuntary muscles

Answer 4

Muscles not stimulated through conscious control, cannot force yourself to move these muscles through willpower.

Question 5

Voluntary and involuntary muscles types

Answer 5

skeletal, smooth and cardiac

Question 6

Skeletal muscle other name

Answer 6

Striated muscle

Question 7

Function of skeletal muscle

Answer 7

Voluntary muscles attached to bone that can be contracted or relaxed through conscious control

Question 8

Skeletal muscle appearance

Answer 8

Distinctively striped appearance

Question 9

What are skeletal muscles composed of

Answer 9

Muscle fibers

Question 10

Skeletal muscle fibers description

Answer 10

Long slender cells held together with connective tissue and covered with fascia.

Question 11

What’s fascia

Answer 11

A band or sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscles

Question 12

Skeletal muscle location

Answer 12

Scalp, face, mouth, pharynx, larynx, neck, chest, vertebral column, arms and hands, abdomen, back, legs and feet

Question 13

Smooth muscle other name

Answer 13

Visceral muscle

Question 14

Function of smooth muscle

Answer 14

Type of involuntary muscles, not controlled by conscious processes. Surrounds internal organs.

Question 15

Where is smooth muscle located

Answer 15

Respiratory tract, stomach, intestines, urinary tract

Question 16

Peristalsis

Answer 16

Smooth muscle contracts and relaxes to move contents through body passageways

Question 17

Peristalsis examples

Answer 17

Enables blood to move through arteries and veins, food to move through stomach and intestines and a fetus to be expelled through birth canal

Question 18

Cardiac muscle other name

Answer 18

Myocardial muscle

Question 19

Cardiac muscle location

Answer 19

Heart

Question 20

Cardiac muscle function

Answer 20

unconsciously controlled, as it contracts it pumps blood from heart into blood vessels

Question 21

Automaticity

Answer 21

Ability to contract without the involvement of a nerve supply. Property of visceral, smooth and cardiac muscles

Question 22

Contractility

Answer 22

ability to contract, I.e biceps muscle contracts when the arm is flexed

Question 23

elasticity

Answer 23

the ability to resume resting length when a stretching force is removed, i.e spring is stretched and releases to its original position

Question 24

excitability

Answer 24

the ability to receive and respond to a nerve impulse by contracting, I.e nerves send a message to heart muscle and heart pumps blood through the vessels throughout the body

Question 25

extensibility

Answer 25

ability to be stretched, evident in hamstrings and calf muscles during a toe touch

Question 26

What happens during contraction

Answer 26

One end of a muscle remains fixed and other end of muscle moves.

Question 27

What’s an origin

Answer 27

A muscle and its attachment site that does not move when a muscle contracts

Question 28

Insertion meaning

Answer 28

Attachment site of muscle that moves during muscular contraction

Question 29

What are tendons

Answer 29

Fibrous bands of tissue that attach skeletal muscle to bone. i.e Achilles tendon

Question 30

Ligament meaning

Answer 30

fibrous cord of tissue that attached bone to bone, provide stability by holding structures together

Question 31

Endomysium definition

Answer 31

Inner layer. A fine sheath of areolar connective tissue around each muscle fiber.

Question 32

Areolar meaning

Answer 32

tissue that Consists of loosely woven fibers and many blood vessels, in endomysium

Question 33

Perimysium meaning

Answer 33

Sheath of connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles

Question 34

Epimysium

Answer 34

Outer later, dense fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

Question 35

Fascia

Answer 35

Fibrous connective tissue binds muscle into functional groups and envelops other structures in the body, like bones, nerves and blood vessels

Question 36

What do muscles have

Answer 36

Arteries, veins and capillaries due to their energy needs and the metabolic waste they generate during contraction

Question 37

Factors that make the muscular system capable of movement

Answer 37

Muscle type, muscle excitability and opposition between agonist and antagonist muscle pairs

Question 38

What’s the agonist

Answer 38

Muscle that causes primary movement

Question 39

Antagonist meaning

Answer 39

Muscle that works against this movement

Question 40

Agonist/antagonist muscle pairs example

Answer 40

When flexing your arm, your biceps muscle functions as the agonist. When you straighten your arm, the biceps muscles becomes the antagonist while the triceps muscle functions as the agonist to achieve muscular movement.

Question 41

What does muscular movement have

Answer 41

A directional opposite, directional motions produced by agonist and antagonist muscles are described in pairs.