Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of living organisms

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of body parts and how the performance of one affects the others

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

The basic structure of life; come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes and have a variety of functions; all mammalian cells contain a cell membrane, organelles, cytoplasm, and a nucleus

Question 4

Organs

Answer 4

Composed of groups of tissues that have a common function and work together

Question 5

Tissue

Answer 5

Identical or closely related cells grouped together

Question 6

Active Transport Process

Answer 6

Substances that move across the membrane require energy expenditure, unlike passive transport

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

Cell reproduction by dividing to yield two identical cells

Question 8

Bones

Answer 8

Points of attachment for your muscles, levers for muscle action, mineral storage structures, and sites for production of blood cells

Question 9

Cancellous Bone

Answer 9

Spongy bone that acts as a shock absorber; found near the center of the bone and houses the bone marrow

Question 10

Compact Bone

Answer 10

Highly structured series of bone layers found in the outer portions of the bone; composed of a series of tubelike structures arranged so that the tube shafts are parallel to the bone shaft

Question 11

Haversian Canal

Answer 11

The space through which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves travel through compact bone

Question 12

Bone Marrow

Answer 12

The reddish-brown tissue found in the middle of a bone; primarily responsible for producing blood cells, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, from the stem cells

Question 13

Axial Skeleton

Answer 13

The body’s central framework; includes the bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum

Question 14

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 14

Supports the axial skeleton; includes the bones of the legs, shoulders, and pelvis

Question 15

Ligaments

Answer 15

Bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue that connects bones at joints

Question 16

Tendons

Answer 16

Bands that attach muscles to bones

Question 17

Thoracic Limbs

Answer 17

Support the front end of the body during walking

Question 18

Pelvic Limbs

Answer 18

Support the rear end of the body during walking

Question 19

Joints

Answer 19

The connection between two bones that help hold bones together and give the skeleton flexibility for movement

Question 20

Diaphragm

Answer 20

The muscle that separates the thorax and abdomen

Question 21

Skeletal muscle

Answer 21

The most abundant muscle tissue; also called voluntary muscle because it’s under voluntary control; appears striped under a microscope

Question 22

Visceral muscle

Answer 22

Involuntary, smooth muscle found in the internal organs such as the urinary bladder and blood vessels

Question 23

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 23

Found only in the heart; somewhat striated in appearance but not under voluntary control

Question 24

Neurotransmitters

Answer 24

Chemical substances released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse which, by diffusing across the synapses or junction, cause the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure

Question 25

Flexor muscles

Answer 25

Skeletal muscles that flex, or bend, a joint

Question 26

Extensor muscles

Answer 26

Skeletal muscles that extend, or straighten, a joint