Integumentary, Circulatory, and Respiratory Systems

Question 1

Skin

Answer 1

an epithelial structure that protects the inner organs of the body from the environment and keeps body contents confined

Question 2

Epidermis

Answer 2

the outermost layer of the skin

Question 3

Keratin

Answer 3

a fiber-like protein that provides toughness to the cell and, therefore, to the skin

Question 4

Dermis

Answer 4

provides both structural and nutritional support to the epidermis. the dermis consists of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

Question 5

Hypodermis

Answer 5

subcutaneous layer that lies beneath the epidermal and dermal structures; composed primarily of fat, but it also contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue; stores fat, helps regulate body temperature, and supports the layers above it both structurally and nutritionally

Question 6

Blood Vessels

Answer 6

Run throughout all areas of the skin, but especially the dermis; carry oxygen and nutrients directly to the dermis and indirectly to the epidermis

Question 7

Motor Nerves

Answer 7

Control movement by stimulating muscles to contract and relax

Question 8

Sensory Nerves

Answer 8

Carry sensory information, such as the sensation of touch, to the central nervous system

Question 9

Integumentary System

Answer 9

Consists of skin and all its related structures like hair, paw pads, claws, hooves, horns, antlers, and skin glands

Question 10

Hair

Answer 10

A nonliving structure partially composed of keratin; provides warmth, protects the skin from moisture, sunlight, and other damage, and gives some species distinctive markings for protective or reproductive purposes

Question 11

Claw

Answer 11

A modified extension of the dermis and epidermis of the toe composed primarily of horny, or keratinized, epidermal tissue

Question 12

Hoof

Answer 12

A specialized extension of horny epidermal tissue extending over the distal digit

Question 13

Sebaceous Gland

Answer 13

Microscopic infoldings of the epidermis that are usually associated with hair follicles

Question 14

Circulatory System

Answer 14

Provides transport operations throughout the body, a means of movement for a variety of substances through the body

Question 15

Cardiovascular System

Answer 15

Carries blood and its associated cells and products through the body; consists of a network of arteries, capillaries, and veins

Question 16

Lymphatic System

Answer 16

Consists of a network of vessels coursing throughout the body that carries fluid called lymph; comprises lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen

Question 17

Heart

Answer 17

A large muscle that sits in the thoracic cavity and contracts and relaxes in a rhythmic fashion, creating a pumping action that forces blood to circulate throughout the body

Question 18

Cardiac Pacemaker

Answer 18

Where the normal electrical impulses in the heart originate; electrical impulses that stimulate the heart muscle to contract

Question 19

Systole

Answer 19

The contraction phase of the heartbeat that takes place as the current travels around the heart

Question 20

Diastole

Answer 20

The phase during re-polarization where the cardiac muscle cells relax and the chambers enlarge and fill with blood

Question 21

Arteries

Answer 21

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward the cells of the body

Question 22

Capillaries

Answer 22

Microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and allow the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste materials between blood and the body’s cells

Question 23

Veins

Answer 23

Carry blood from the body’s cells back toward the heart

Question 24

Arterioles

Answer 24

The smallest form of artery, carry blood from the muscular arteries to the capillaries

Question 25

Blood

Answer 25

A fluid vital to life; contains a fluid component (plasma) and blood cells

Question 26

Plasma

Answer 26

The liquid portion of the blood after all the blood cells have been removed

Question 27

Erythrocytes

Answer 27

Red blood cells; the most common type of blood cell and the primary means by which oxygen is transported throughout the body

Question 28

Lymph

Answer 28

A protein-rich fluid that contains some lymphocytes but no other cells

Question 29

Respiration

Answer 29

Provides the body with oxygen and removes certain waste gases from the body; comprised of external respiration and internal respiration

Question 30

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 30

All anatomical structures of the respiratory tract that are outside of the lungs

Question 31

Pharynx

Answer 31

The common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems

Question 32

Larynx

Answer 32

Acts as the gatekeeper to the lower respiratory tract, preventing food and liquid from entering the airway; composed of cartilage plates of varying sizes covered with a layer of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 33

Trachea

Answer 33

A series of rings of cartilage, connected by soft connective tissue to form a tube

Question 34

Lungs

Answer 34

Primary organs of respiration

Question 35

Respiratory Center

Answer 35

An area of nerve cells located in the brain’s medulla oblongata and pons

Question 36

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 36

the blood supply that goes to the lungs so the blood can be oxygenated and rid itself of carbon dioxide

Question 37

Arrector pili

Answer 37

muscles that work with hair follicles to create goosebumps

Question 38

Neutrophils

Answer 38

Recognizes bacteria that invade the body as being foreign and attack the bacteria by engulfing it

Question 39

Mesothelial Cells

Answer 39

epithelial cells that flatten into a single layer to cover the lungs along with a thin layer of elastic connective tissue

Question 40

When the blood vessels in the skin constrict, the result is:

Answer 40

less heat loss, and a rise in blood pressure

Question 41

Lymphocytes

Answer 41

regulate the immune system by recognizing and destroying foreign substances

Question 42

Pericardial effusion

Answer 42

blocks the heart’s ability to expand and fill with blood as it relaxes

Question 43

Inspiration

Answer 43

the active process of breathing in air

Question 44

Panting

Answer 44

In animals that are unable to lower heat by sweating, the hypothalamus senses increased blood temperature, and then signals an area of the respiratory center to increase the rate of respiration, which increases the replacement of alveolar air with new, cooler air.