Skelatal Flashcards
1
Q
osteocytes
A
bone~calcium salts & collegen
2
Q
osteoblasts
A
growing or producing
3
Q
osteoclasts
A
destroying
4
Q
Vertebral Column
A
- cervical 7
- thoracic 12
- lumbar 5
- coccyx- coccygeal =fused
- sacrum=sacral=fused
5
Q
cervical vertebrae
A
(neck)1st atlas w/occipital bone to support skull makes pivot joint w/odontoid axis
6
Q
Growth and Maintenance
A
- growth hormone -raise mitosis ,and protein synthesis
- thyroxine- raises protein synthesis & energy production ( All food types)
- Insulin (pancreas ) production of glucose
- parathyroid -raises reabsorption of calcium and blood levels &small intestine and renal (lower blood level)
- Calcitonin - lowers blood calcium level (absorbs )
- Estrogen - closure of long bones (stops growth) ; retain calcium in blood =strong bone matrix
7
Q
Epiphysiodesis
A
bones grow longer as more is produced
8
Q
Greenstick
A
spits longitudinally ~child more collagen than adults & splinter
9
Q
compound fracture
A
(open ) broken end of a bone (moved
10
Q
simple fracture
A
(closed) broken parts in anatomic position
11
Q
Impacted fracture
A
broken ends forced into each other
12
Q
pathologic fracture
A
bone breaks w/o trauma -→ osteoporosis
13
Q
Abnormalities
A
- scoliosis -abnormal lateral curvature , congenital - one leg lower
- kyphosis- exaggerated thoracic curve ; humpback
- lordosis-lumbar curve ; swayback
14
Q
Appendicular (shoulder and arms )
A
- scapula -shoulder muscles attached ; glenoid articulates with humerus
- clavicle - braces scapula
- humerus - upper ar m
- radius and ulna -articulate w/ each other also. w/ carpals ( 8 wrists , metacarpals 5 hand ;phalanges 14 fingers
15
Q
Joints
A
- synarthrosis -immovable
- amphiarthrosis- slightly move
- diarthrosis- move freely
- articulate cartilage - smooth
- joint capsule - sheath enclose joint
- synovial membrane - prevent friction
- bursae -permit tendons to slide across joints
