Sjogren's syndrome Flashcards
1
Q
Pathophysiology?
A
An autoimmune disorder affecting exocrine glands resulting in dry mucosal surfaces.
2
Q
What could it be secondary to?
A
It could be secondary to rheumatoid arthritis or other connective tissue disorders
3
Q
If it is secondary to some other condition, how long is it usually before the onset of symptoms?
A
10 years
4
Q
Who is this condition more common in?
A
Females (9:1 ratio)
5
Q
What risk is increased with this condition?
A
Increased risk of lymphoid malignancy (40-60 fold)
6
Q
Features?
A
- dry eyes: keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- dry mouth
- vaginal dryness
- arthralgia
- Raynaud’s, myalgia
- sensory polyneuropathy
- recurrent episodes of parotitis
- renal tubular acidosis (usually subclinical)
7
Q
What investigations can be done?
A
- rheumatoid factor (RF) positive in nearly 50% of patients
- ANA positive in 70%
- anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies in 70% of patients with PSS
- anti-La (SSB) antibodies in 30% of patients with PSS
- hypergammaglobulinaemia
- low C4
8
Q
What is Schirmer’s test?
A
Where filter paper is put near conjunctival sac to measure tear formation
9
Q
What is seen on histology?
A
Focal lymphocytic infiltration
10
Q
Management?
A
- artificial saliva and tears
- pilocarpine may stimulate saliva production
