sixth test Flashcards
who created the idea of the talented tenth
w.e.b. dubois
what group formed after leo frank’s sentence was reduced; who were they really
the knights of mary phagan; the kk
whyd farmers criticize henry grady
his “New South” vision prioritized industrial development (factories) over traditional agriculture (farming)
what was the convict lease system compared to
slavery
what was the freedmans bureau
agency that helped formerly enslaved people and poor whites qith needs of food, shelter, and clothes
what were the redeemers beliefs on racial equality
agreed with segregation
what was booker t washington’s early life like
born into slavery in virginia; went to college and became a professor
when were black legislatures elected to the Georgia General Assembly
1867
what was the international cotton expo
a world’s fair held in atlanta, primarily designed to showcase the progress made in the South
whats a primary election
candidates in the primary are chosen for the general election
what 2 new farming systems were created after the civil war since slavery was banned
sharecropping and tenant farming
what was the plessy vs ferguson case hope the achieve
hoped the legally end segregation from a decision made by the supreme court
what amendment did the gov ratify in order to prevent laws like the black codes? whatd it do?
15th amendment; gave voting rights to all races
what were booker t washingtons accomplishements
first principal of the tuskegee institute of alabama
howd the bourbon triumvirate want to fix georgias economy
developing railroads, mining industries, factories, low taxes (to bring in new business)
why was the city of columbus important
it allowed hydroelectricity to be used because of the fall line
who was alonzo herndon
born into slavery but then owned 3 barber shops, made the atlanta mutual insurance company, and was associated with NAACP
Why were textile mills created
so ga could use its own cotton to make finished goods
what was ruled in the leo frank case
it was said that leo frank killed mary phagan and was given the death penalty
where was the international cotton expo held
piedmont park
who were the redeemers? what were their goals?
democrats; wanted to rebuilt the economy and resist racial equality for the freedman
whyd people criticize how henry grady portrayed the racial issues of ga in his articles
he didnt talk about slavery and only focuses on the good
who was responsible for murdering a member of the black legislatures
kkk
what did congress do about the kkk
passed laws to try and fight against them
how did president grant and the congress’s effort to fight the kkk impact them
the kkk disbanded in 1871
what was the convict lease system
renting convicts to private business to work for free
what had to be rebuilt economically during the reconstruction period
infrastructure (houses, railroads, factories) and economy
who won the plessy vs ferguson case
plessy loss
what is a scalawag
southerners who support republican party
where did w.e.b dubois graduate
harvard
what was the rural delivery act
ensured that mail was delivered to people in rural areas
when was the kkk founded and by who
1865; former confederate soldiers
who was replaced by tom watson when he died; why were they important
replaced by Rebecca Latimer Felton (for a day); she was the first woman
what time period was the redemption era
1870-90
what was the purpose of the jim crow laws
to limit the rights of black people
where did the name jim crow laws come from
named after a fictional black minstrel character (very racist show)
what was w.e.b. dubois early life like
born in massachusetts (north so not born into slavery) and then went to college in tennessee and saw jim crow which caused him to want to end slavery
howd the bourbon triumvirate keep power
rotated positions as governor and senator
who eneded the atlanta race massacre
the business owners
what was different about andrew johnsons plan from lincolns plan
he resisted granting the freedman their rights and pardoned confederate leadership
what was the name of the girl who was murdered at the factory during the leo frank case
mary phagan
whatd abraham lincoln want the south to do to rejoin the union
pass 13th amendment, 10% plan
whats the primary difference between sharecropping and tenant farming
tenant farmers had more than their labor (came with tools and supplies) sharecroppers could only provide their service
whats anti semitism
hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews
whyd tom watson originally get into politics
he wanted to end the convict lease system and make public education free
what had to be rebuilt politically during the reconstruction period
the union (adding the south back in and making everyone get along) and adding freedman into society
why was the separate but equal doctrine not really equal
the black facilities were inferior to the white ones
what economic problems did the south face after the civil war
cities/farms destroyed, destroyed labor force, no more slavery, 1/4 of white male population dead, destroyed railroads, economy had to be completely changed
whyd the redeemers encourage buyiing grain from north and building factories in ga
they wanted strong economic ties with the industrial north
what was the cause of the atlanta race massacre
newpapers made rumors that black men attacked white women and it started riots
who were the radical republicans
republicans who wanted stricter punishments for the south than lincoln
what was created as a result of the plessy vs ferguson case
seperate but equal doctrine
who wasnt granted citizenship in lincons reconstruction plan; why
confederate leaders; he didnt want them to serve in the gov and gain too much power
whyd the bourbon triumvirate like the convict lease system
they supported slavery
what was the bourbon triumvirate view on slavery
they were white supremacists who liked segregation/slavery
why was homer plessy arrested
he sat on a ‘whites only’ train car in Louisiana because he looked white but was 1/8th African american
whats the naacp stand for
national association for the advancement of black people
what attractions were available at the cotton expo
ferris wheel, movies, equipment, farming practices, different crops, and speakers on racial equality
where did mlk graduate
morehouse college
who was leo frank
jewish factory manager who was accused of murdering a 13 year old girl who worked at the factory
what was the talented tenth
top 10 percent of african americans (wealthiest and most educated) should use thier talent for social change/ end slavery
what was the separate but equal doctrine
segregation was legal as long as there were the same facilities for black and white people
what was advertised at the international cotton expo
atlantas industrial capabilities (new factories n stuff) after the civil war
what did the redeemers want to do for georgia
grow less cotton and more foods and buy grain from the north
who spoke at the international cotton expo on race, business, and politics
booker t washington
whatd the freedmans bureau focus on later
education
why were sharecropping and tenant farming accused of being similar to slavery
farmers bought more than they made so they got in debt and ended up working hard hours for free to pay it off
what was the grandfather clause
if someone’s grandfather could vote before the civil war they could vote and didnt have to do the literacy test or the poll tax
what was the atlanta mutual insurance company
offered life insurance to black people and was ran by black people
how does congress respond to black codes
make the 14 amendment (anyone born in Us is a citizen and has the rights states in the constitution)
whats a tenant farmer
farmers would rent land from landowners and would repay them with money from crops they grew. they usually came with their own tools, animals, and equipment so had to borrow less
who was the first black man to graduate from harvard university
w.e.b dubois
what was the goal of the international cotton expo
to bring rich northern investors into georiga
what was alonzo’s early life like
born into slavery
what does the naacp do today
they give out scholarships and legal help- people mistreated by the law
what was the white primary
only whites could vote in a primary election (so it didnt matter who won the election if they were all white supremacists)
who said “in all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress”
booker t washington
whats the poll tax
taxes on voting (poor freedman couldnt give up any money)
what was the army sent to do to the black legislatures in ga? why was it unsuccessful?
reinstate them; came too late and the legislatures had been attacked, arrested, harassed, and killed
what political party took power in ga after Reconstruction ended
republicans
what was the 10% plan
10% of adult male population would have to take an oath of loyalty to the union
what was booker t washington’s solution to ending slavery
thought black people should focus on making money and getting jobs; they shouldnt try to resist inequality and that it would end naturally over time
what did the tuskegee college focus on
training teachers and on teaching practical skills like farming, carpentry, shoemaking
what did the knights of mary phagan do
they lynched (hung) leo frank near the big chicken
Who was Henry Grady
reporter/journalist who made the idea of the ‘new south’
who later became a supremacist and got elected to the senate
tom watson
whatd the congressional plan want to require the south to do to join the union
13 and 14 amendment had to be passed
what was the goal of the poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause, and white primary
they were all meant to take away voting rights from black people
what played a role in the creation of georgia tech
international cotton expo
whats the time period that followed the civil war called
reconstruction period (1865-77)
why were business owners worried about the impact of riots during atlanta race massacre
people lost their jobs and so the companies lost money
whats a sharecropper
a farmer who who works on a landowners property. they buy tools and necessities from the landowner but pay for them out of their profit made working. they receive some of the crop profits minus charges.
who were the freedman
someone who got released from slavery
why’d henry grady call atlanta the ‘new south’
hoped the make atlanta a modern industrial city
who started the naacp
w.e.b dubois
what was the purpose of the naacp
civil rights organization that fought against lynching and unfair treatment of african americans
why was rebuilding the railroads a major focus for ga during the civil war
allowed exports to be sold to a wider range of areas
how did lincoln want to treat the south after the war and why
he was lenient because he wanted to be peaceful
what was the atlanta compromise speech about
how african americans should get better treatment
what were the goals of the kkk
wanted to resist the norths reconstruction efforts, segregation, limited rights for freedman, and to control the government
what is a carpet bagger
northerner who moved to the south; white republicans
what happens to the south when they refuse to ratify the 14th amendment
theyre put under martial law
why was leo frank’s sentance lowered to life in prision
the government questioned the case and thought the janitor did it
how did w.e.b dubois view booker t washingtons views on ending slavery
didnt agree with them; thought his idea limited opportunity on what people were allowed to learn and didnt think education was just to get a job and that actively fighting was better
who was given the nickname of non-citizens
first black legislatures
what was the final state readmitted to the union
georiga
howd the south’s economy change after the civil war in the goods it produced
since the price of cotton dropped and they didnt have slaves they had to make up that loss
whyd atlanta become the capital in 1867
became busy with industry, new residents, and railroads
what was the literacy test
reading test to decide if you could vote (freedman couldnt read/didnt have an education)
who did the kk target and how
used terrorism, voilence, and murder to intimidate black people, republicans, members of the freedmans bureau, and carpet baggers
what was the bourbon triumvirate
3 politicians who had a lot of power in ga’s gov during redemption era
what hbcu in atlanta were created by freedmans bureau
morehouse college and clark atlanta university
what was the populist party
a party that wanted to support farmers and the poor
what were the black codes
black people in the south couldnt vote, testify in court against white people, or serve as jurors
why was booker t washington’s view of how to end slavery criticized
his process was too slow and people thought he was expecting them to accept the unfair treatment
what does hbcu stand for
historically black colleges and universities
what political party was in control of georgia during the redemption era
democrats
what speech did booker t washington deliver and where
atlanta compromise speech at the cotton expo
why were the newly elected black legislators kicked out of office
accused of crimes, being illiterate, called “non citizens”
why was booker t washingtons speech called accommodationism
people thought he was asking black people to except segregation which wouldve helped white people
what did president grant do about the kkk
he used the army to fight against them
what group in congress disagreed with lincoln and johnsons plan to not punish the south
radical republicans
what does disenfranchisement mean
being denied the right to vote
when was the kkk recreated
1900s (world war 1 and 2)
