Six Sigma Terms Flashcards
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Acceptable Quality Level
The quality expectation of the customer, internal or external. Will frequently be expresesd in terms of percentage defects.
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Activity Report
A simple tool which enables teams and team leaders to manage project management tasks, responsibilities and timescales.
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Affinity Diagram
A diagrammatic method of capturing, analysing and organising ideas, elements, activities, etc, that together represent or influence an overall category, such as a process or issue. Brainstorming is central to the affinity diagram.
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Analysis
Analysis of data is critical to the Six Sigma model. Involves various analytical methods to identify and quantify the causes of quality variation and failure in specific processes.
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ANOVA
Analysis of Variance - a specialized variation calculation method concerned with comparing means and testing hypotheses.
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ANCOVA
Analysis of Covariance.
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MANOVA
Multiple Analysis of Variance.
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MANCOVA
Multiple Analysis of Covariance.
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Balanced Scorecard
A sophisticated strategic analysis and improvement methodology developed by Kaplan and Norton. The Scorecard identifies, correlates, balances, measures, and drives improvement across a wide variety of factors that are deemed responsible for overall organizational effectiveness, and for meeting customer expectations.
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Black Belt
A term to decribe a team leader and one who has achieved accredited Black Belt qualification via an appropriate training course.
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Black Noise / White Noise
Technical terms relating to respectively non-random and random causes of variation.
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Business Process Management
Identifying the key processes within the organization that determine effectively meeting customer expectations; then measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the processes and then initiating improvements in the weakest processes.
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Cause-effect Diagram
A tool for mapping and analysing causal factors towards an end ouput.
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CTQ
Critical to Quality - An element within a process that has a major influence on the process quality, and typically the quality of a critical process.
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Defect
any failure in meeting customer expectation, any failure within the delivery process.
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DFSS
Design for Six Sigma - the method of using tools, training, measurments, and verification so that products and processes are designed at the outset to meet Six Sigma requirements.
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DMAICT
A method comprising of linked steps Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control, Transfer.
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Frequency Distribution Analysis
The sampling and collection of data over many operations and extended time perios, and the use of this data to indicate the frequency that a variation occurs rather than the size of isolated failures.
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Green Belt
A team member who has received Green Belt training.
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JIT
Just in Time - operational or production methods based on minimising stock levels, the aim of which is to reduce capital employed in stock, which also has knock-on benefits to reducing storage space, decreasing dependence on logistics, easier supply chain management, and better overall quality.
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Master Black Belt
A highly qualified Six Sigma practitioner, typically concerned with overseeing Six Sigma activites from an organizational perspective.
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MRP
Materials Requirements Planning - production quality management methodology focusing on planning stock levels and availability according to production schedules.
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Process Mapping
Diagrammtical representation of how processes work, as could be used and developed in team meetings on a flip-chart, or other media, to enable teams to understand processes, participants, and where and how improvements might be made.
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Production Planning
The over-arching methodology used in managing the supply process from receipt (or forecast) of customer requirements through to delivery notes and invoicing.
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Soft Skills
Skills required for managing people, relationships, acceptance and effective communications.
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Stakeholder
All the people who are affected by the solutions indentified within a Six Sigma project, and all the people with some involvement in implementing the solutions.
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Tollgates
Breaks for review between Six Sigma processes within any of the DMAICT stages.
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Tree Diagram
Pictoral representation of how a broad aim is broken down into detailed actions, and which belong to named individuals or departments. Promotes creative thinking towards detailed causes and effects and accountabilities.
