Six Sigma | Chapter 1 - Introductions Flashcards
Introduction to six sigma
Who wrote the book “Out of Crisis” to help US companies compete with Japanese manufacturers?
Dr. W Edwards Deming
Who proposed the “Quality Trilogy Model”?
Joseph M Juran
What is the Quality Trilogy Model?
Is a model that uses quality planning, quality improvement, and quality control for improving quality
What is another way to say the 80-20 rule?
The Pareto Principle
What is the Pareto Principle?
80% of quality improvement is possible by fixing 20% of the problems. Helps to separate the vital few from the trivial many.
T/F | According to Juran, Quality from a customer`s perspective has two aspects namely Minimum Noise and Maximum Price Benefit.
FALSE. It is More Features and Freedom From Trouble. Minimum Noise and Maximum Price Benefit are from Genichi Taguchi.
Philip Crosby used the following parameter to measure quality:
1. Cost of non-conformance
2. Cost of error rectification
3. Exceeding customer expectations
4. Six Sigma
According to Philip Crosby, Measurement of quality is the Cost of Non-Conformance
Which quality guru is credited with the discovery of cause and effect diagrams?
1. Edwards Deming
2. Genichi Taguchi
3. Kaoru Ishikawa
4. Philip Crosby
Kaoru Ishikawa
What can be used to quantify the decrease in perceived value of the goods by the customer once the quality decreases?
Quality Loss Function
What is Quality Loss Function?
A mathematical function that identifies all costs connected with poor quality and shows how these costs increase as output moves away from the target value.
Thus the decrease in perceived value of the goods by the customer once the quality decreases.
Which quality expert proposed that systems should have “robustness” i.e. ability to function satisfactorily in spite of the noise and external disturbance.
Genichi Taguchi : Manufacturing processes are impacted by the external disturbance i.e. noise which impacts quality of goods produced. The noise should be minimized wherever possible but some noise (e.g. bad weather) cannot be avoided. Systems should have “robustness” i.e. ability to function satisfactorily in spite of the noise and external disturbance.
Six sigma provided the ability to measure defects in range of :
1. hundreds of opportunities
2. thousands of opportunities
3. millions of opportunities
4. billions of opportunities
The person who first coined the term “Six Sigma” was Bill Cohen, an engineer with Motorola. Later, in 1986, Bill Smith, a senior scientist at Motorola, standardized the way in which defects are measured using Six Sigma. Instead of measuring defects in thousands of opportunities, Six Sigma provided the ability to measure defects in millions of opportunities - thereby providing significant improvement in quality.
Who liaises between black belts and the project team?
1. Technical Lead
2. Project manager
3. Green Belt
4. None of the above
Six Sigma Green Belts serve as a liaison between the Black Belts and the project team. They perform the operations required for the six sigma project and work with the project team to ensure that appropriate deliverables are met.
As per Six Sigma philosophy, who is responsible for project sponsorship?
1. Subject Matter Expert
2. Master Black Belt
3. Executive Management
4. Six Sigma Green Belt
Executive Management (also referred to as Deployment Champions) is responsible for sponsorship of the project and allows for commitment of organization resources to the six sigma project.
Which of the following is a benefit of six sigma?
1. Quantitative Approach
2. Process based approach
3. Use of projects
4. All of the above
There are several factors that make Six Sigma a more effective quality tool as compared with other traditional quality techniques namely: - Comprehensive - Project based approach - Cohesive process based approach - Quantitative Approach - Commitment from all levels of organization
Who are responsible for providing guidance and coaching others in the organization about the six sigma philosophy
1. Project Champions
2. Green Belts
3. Black Belts
4. Subject Matter Experts
Master Black Belts and Black Belts act as consultants and experts in Six Sigma. They are also responsible for providing guidance and coaching others in the organization about the six sigma philosophy.
What is the responsibility of deployment champions?
- sponsorship of the project and allowing for commitment of organization resources to the six sigma project
- providing guidance and coaching others in the organization about the six sigma philosophy
- performing the operations required for the six sigma project and working with the project team to ensure that appropriate deliverables are met.
- providing expertise wherever required.
Executive Management (also referred to as Deployment Champions) is responsible for sponsorship of the project and allow for commitment of organization resources to the six sigma project.
