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Middle East > Six Day war 1967 > Flashcards

Six Day war 1967 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in 1964?

A

Nasser invites the leaders of the Arab states to a conference in Cairo.

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2
Q

What was the key aspect which united them all?

A

Their opposition to the state of Israel.

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3
Q

What does the conference represent?

A

The first time that they had declared in an official document, that their ultimate aim was the destruction of Israel.

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4
Q

What do the Arab leaders go to set up following this?

A

The Palestinian Liberation Organisation.

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5
Q

What was the PLO’s aim?

A

To unite all Palestinians and to win back the land lost in the 1948 war.

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6
Q

What was the Fatah?

A

A guerilla organisation who conducted armed raids into Israel becoming the core of the PLO

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7
Q

What was the Israel retaliation to the Fatah raids?

A

Swift and harsh.

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8
Q

What do the Jordanian and Lebanon try to do regarding PLO raids? Why?

A

Restrict them due to their fear of Israeli reprisals.

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9
Q

What do the Syrians do regarding PLO raids?

A

Encourage them, supplying arms and men.

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10
Q

What are placed between the Eygptian and Israeli borders after the Suez crisis to prevent further attacks?

A

UN troops.

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11
Q

Who comes to power in February 1966?

A

A radical and aggressive Syrian government.

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12
Q

What do the new Syrian government call for?

A

A ‘revolutionary struggle’ and the ‘liberation of Palestine.’

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13
Q

What do the new Syrian government do relating to the PLO?

A

Step up their support for the PLO.

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14
Q

At this point what does Nasser know about the Arab states and their military?

A

That the Arab states weren’t ready and that Israel had the stronger military forces than all the neighbouring Arab forces.

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15
Q

What does Nasser do to remain us the champion of the Arab world?

A

Signs a defence agreement with the Syrian government.

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16
Q

What does this deal outline?

A

If one state was attacked, the other would come to its defence.

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17
Q

What does Nasser hope this deal achieves?

A

Restrain the hotheads in the Syrian government

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18
Q

What does the deal actually achieve?

A

Encourages the Syrian hotheads.

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19
Q

What do Israel issue in May 1967?

A

Several threats to act against Syria unless it stopped supporting Palestinian attacks on Israel.

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20
Q

What does an Israeli general issue on the 12/05/1967?

A

A threat to occupy the Syrian capital and overthrow the Syrian government.

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21
Q

How did the Syrians interpret this?

A

As a sign that Israel intended to attack Syria.

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22
Q

How do the soviets intervene before the war?

A

Issue a warning to the Egyptians that the Israelis were moving their forces to the border with Syria.

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23
Q

What did Nasser know about the report?

A

That it was untrue and a lie.

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24
Q

What happens when the report is released?

A

The Arabs turn to Nasser for a response.

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25
Q

What does Nasser do in response to the Soviet news?

A
  • Moves 100’00 troops to the Sinai peninsula, including two armoured divisions
  • Calls for the UN troops to be removed to prove Egypt was fully independent
  • Closes the straits of Tiran, denying Israeli access to the Port of Eilat
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26
Q

How does the Syrian defence minister challenge the Israelis?

A

He declares “We shall never call for, nor accept peace” and that the Arabs will “drench this land with your (Israeli) blood”

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27
Q

What was being whipped up via the press and radio?

A

War fever.

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28
Q

What do the Israeli public fear going into the war?

A

A repeat of 1948 as their survvial was threatened

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29
Q

What were the Israeli generals view on the matter?

A

That an Arab invasion wasn’t imminent and if war occurred they were confident of an Israeli victory.

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30
Q

What do the Israelis insist on securing before the war?

A

US support.

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31
Q

How does Nasser step up pressure on the 29 May?

A

During a speech, Nasser demands that Israel should allow the Palestinian refugees to return to Israel and that Israel should give up land gained in the 1948-9 War.

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32
Q

What is King Husseins view on the matter?

A

He wants to avoid war and remain neutral if fighting breaks out.

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33
Q

What is the Arab public opinion on the matter?

A

They demanded a revenge for what happened in 1948-9

34
Q

What influenced Jordanian public opinion?

A

That half of the population were Palestinian.

35
Q

What does King Husein sign on 30 May?

A

A mutual defence agreement with Egypt.

36
Q

What do the Americans suggest the Israelis do regarding the straits of Tiran when a second Israeli foreign minister visits the US?

A

To take military action.

37
Q

What do the Isreali cabinet decide to do on the 4th June?

A

They decide to go to war.

38
Q

What happens on the 5th June?

A

The Isreali Air Force destroys the Air Force of Egypt, Syria and Jordan.

39
Q

How many men do the Arabs lose?

A

15’000

40
Q

How many do the Israelis lose?

A

Less than a 1’000

41
Q

Why do the Israelis win? (4)

A
  • The Arab Air Force had been destroyed (Arab armies were larger)
  • They held the most advanced US electronic equipment and could intercept the Arab communications.
  • They were highly skilled and trained
  • Believed they were fighting for survival
42
Q

Breakdown the fighting between Israel and Egypt.

A
  • Israel destroys 304 Egyptian aircraft before advancing into the Gaza Strip and Sinai (Mon)
  • Israel forces advance towards the Suez Canal.
    (Tue)
  • Israelis wins complete control of Sinai and accepted the UN call for a ceasfire
    (Wed)
  • The next day Egypt does the same
    (Thur)
43
Q

Breakdown the fighting between Israel and Jordan.

A
  • Israel destroys the Jordania air force causing the Jordanian troops to attack West Jerusalem
    (Mon)
  • Heavy fighting for control of Jerusalem and the West Bank
    (Tue)
  • Israel captured all of Jerusalem and later the West Bank, causing the Jordanians to accept the UN’s call for a ceasefire.
    (Thur)
44
Q

Breakdown the fighting between Israel and Syria.

A 
- Israel destroys the Syrian air force 
(Mon)
- Israeli troops attack Golan Heights
(Fri)
- Israeli take control of Golan heights and Syria accept the UN's call for a ceasfire
(Sat)
45
Q

What do the Isrealis know following the war and how does that affect peace negotiations?

A

They were confident as the regional superpower and feel they don’t have to hurry into peace negotiations.

46
Q

What new territories do the Israelis add following the war?

A

West Bank, Gaza, Sinai and Golan heights

47
Q

What does the control of these territories do to Israel’s border?

A

Make them more secure adding buffer zones.

48
Q

What do Isreal oder to make the land more secure?

A

The army to confiscate the Arab lands and to build Jewish settlements.

49
Q

What do the Isreali government do to East Jerusalem?

A

Annex it - breaking international law.

50
Q

Who do the Arabs blame for their defeat?

A

US, Britain and the western powers as they were helping Israel.

51
Q

How do the other Arab nations help Egypt and Jordan for their loss?

A

The oil propducing states of Kuwait, Libya and Saudi Arabia promise to pay £135 million annually

52
Q

How do the USSR intervene after the war?

A

They replace the weapons which its allies, Egypt and Syria lost

53
Q

What is the Arab policy after the war?

A

Three Noes

‘No peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiation with it.’

54
Q

What does the UN release in November 1967?

A

Resolution 242

55
Q

How does resolution 242 try to achieve peace?

A
  • Via the withdrawl of Isreali armed forces from territories occupied in the conflict.
  • Respect for every state in the area
56
Q

What part of the resolution supports the Arabs?

A

Issue of land.

57
Q

What part of the resolution supports the Israelis?

A

Issue of peace and security.

58
Q

What does the resolution effectively recognise?

A

Isreal’s right to exist

59
Q

What do the Arabs insist on for peace?

A

Israeli withdrawl from the territories.

60
Q

What formula do the subsequent peace treaties follow?

A

“Land for peace”

61
Q

Which group led by Yasser Arafat is set up in 1959?

A

The Fatah

62
Q

How did the PLO strengthen Nassers poloitically?

A

It provided him with greater leadership credentials in his regional rivilaries against the Syrians and the Iraqis

63
Q

After signing the defence pact what does Nasser say to the Americans?

A

Nasser gave private assurances to the USA that the agreement would not allow Egypt to be dragged into war

64
Q

What happened in August 1966?

A

Israel and Syria clashed in a fierce battle in the area of the sea of the Galilee

65
Q

What happened in November 1966?

A

The Raid on Samu.
Israel attacked Samu, a village in Jordan.
It was the most expensive operation since the Sinai campaign in 1956 - Suez Crisis

66
Q

What happened in April 1967?

A

A major air battle took place over Syria between Syria and Israel causing Syria to lose 6 MiG’s. It was a result of an increasing war of words.

67
Q

How many brigades had the Israelis supposedly moved to the Syrian border, and what was this equivalent to?

A

10-12 brigades, equivalent to half their army

68
Q

How many UN troops were in the region?

A

1,400 men

69
Q

When do the Israelis achieve full military mobilization?

A

20 May

70
Q

Who accuse Nasser of not supproting the PLO?

A

The new Syrian government

71
Q

What policy does Nasser pursure leading up to the six-day war?

A

Brinkmanship

72
Q

How do the Israeli’s interpret the clsoing of the Straits of Tiran?

A

Israel saw it as a Casus Belli, ‘an aggressive act against which Israel is entitled to exercise self-defence

73
Q

What does the US president tell the Israeli foreign minister?

A

That the Egyptians had no plan to attack but if they did then the Israeli’s would “whip the hell out of them”

74
Q

Who was the head of the new Israeli government which led the war effort?

A

Moshe Dean - hero of the 1956 Sinai campaign

75
Q

How does the addition of the Golan Hieghts strengthen the Israelis?

A

Villages in North Israel were now safe from Syrian artillery

76
Q

How do the israeli’s strengthen their hold over the West Bank?

A

They build military fortifications on the River Jordan

77
Q

What process do you take to answer the questions?

A
  1. Read sources as a whole
  2. Underline Key arguments
  3. Agree or Disagree with the statements
  4. Specific evidence which you can use in your essay
  5. Get writing
78
Q

What do you do in the introduction?

A
  • Key arguments with quotes
  • Summarise the entire sources
  • Contrast them to one another.
  • Detail which is more convinving and why
79
Q

What do you do in the conclusion?

A
  • Say which one is more convincing
  • Why more convincing
  • Link back to question
80
Q

How many paragraphs?

A

4 - intro, Evaluating Interpreation A and B, conclusion

81
Q

In Evaluating Interpreation A and B what are the key things to do?

A
  • 3 arguments
  • Quote essay and explain
  • Evaluate as convincing or not
  • Link back every 6/7 lines
  • Evaluate whether it is weak argument
  • At end detail the source as a whole whether it is convincing or not

Middle East (4 decks)

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