Six Day war 1967 Flashcards
What happens in 1964?
Nasser invites the leaders of the Arab states to a conference in Cairo.
What was the key aspect which united them all?
Their opposition to the state of Israel.
What does the conference represent?
The first time that they had declared in an official document, that their ultimate aim was the destruction of Israel.
What do the Arab leaders go to set up following this?
The Palestinian Liberation Organisation.
What was the PLO’s aim?
To unite all Palestinians and to win back the land lost in the 1948 war.
What was the Fatah?
A guerilla organisation who conducted armed raids into Israel becoming the core of the PLO
What was the Israel retaliation to the Fatah raids?
Swift and harsh.
What do the Jordanian and Lebanon try to do regarding PLO raids? Why?
Restrict them due to their fear of Israeli reprisals.
What do the Syrians do regarding PLO raids?
Encourage them, supplying arms and men.
What are placed between the Eygptian and Israeli borders after the Suez crisis to prevent further attacks?
UN troops.
Who comes to power in February 1966?
A radical and aggressive Syrian government.
What do the new Syrian government call for?
A ‘revolutionary struggle’ and the ‘liberation of Palestine.’
What do the new Syrian government do relating to the PLO?
Step up their support for the PLO.
At this point what does Nasser know about the Arab states and their military?
That the Arab states weren’t ready and that Israel had the stronger military forces than all the neighbouring Arab forces.
What does Nasser do to remain us the champion of the Arab world?
Signs a defence agreement with the Syrian government.
What does this deal outline?
If one state was attacked, the other would come to its defence.
What does Nasser hope this deal achieves?
Restrain the hotheads in the Syrian government
What does the deal actually achieve?
Encourages the Syrian hotheads.
What do Israel issue in May 1967?
Several threats to act against Syria unless it stopped supporting Palestinian attacks on Israel.
What does an Israeli general issue on the 12/05/1967?
A threat to occupy the Syrian capital and overthrow the Syrian government.
How did the Syrians interpret this?
As a sign that Israel intended to attack Syria.
How do the soviets intervene before the war?
Issue a warning to the Egyptians that the Israelis were moving their forces to the border with Syria.
What did Nasser know about the report?
That it was untrue and a lie.
What happens when the report is released?
The Arabs turn to Nasser for a response.
What does Nasser do in response to the Soviet news?
- Moves 100’00 troops to the Sinai peninsula, including two armoured divisions
- Calls for the UN troops to be removed to prove Egypt was fully independent
- Closes the straits of Tiran, denying Israeli access to the Port of Eilat
How does the Syrian defence minister challenge the Israelis?
He declares “We shall never call for, nor accept peace” and that the Arabs will “drench this land with your (Israeli) blood”
What was being whipped up via the press and radio?
War fever.
What do the Israeli public fear going into the war?
A repeat of 1948 as their survvial was threatened
What were the Israeli generals view on the matter?
That an Arab invasion wasn’t imminent and if war occurred they were confident of an Israeli victory.
What do the Israelis insist on securing before the war?
US support.
How does Nasser step up pressure on the 29 May?
During a speech, Nasser demands that Israel should allow the Palestinian refugees to return to Israel and that Israel should give up land gained in the 1948-9 War.
What is King Husseins view on the matter?
He wants to avoid war and remain neutral if fighting breaks out.
What is the Arab public opinion on the matter?
They demanded a revenge for what happened in 1948-9
What influenced Jordanian public opinion?
That half of the population were Palestinian.
What does King Husein sign on 30 May?
A mutual defence agreement with Egypt.
What do the Americans suggest the Israelis do regarding the straits of Tiran when a second Israeli foreign minister visits the US?
To take military action.
What do the Isreali cabinet decide to do on the 4th June?
They decide to go to war.
What happens on the 5th June?
The Isreali Air Force destroys the Air Force of Egypt, Syria and Jordan.
How many men do the Arabs lose?
15’000
How many do the Israelis lose?
Less than a 1’000
Why do the Israelis win? (4)
- The Arab Air Force had been destroyed (Arab armies were larger)
- They held the most advanced US electronic equipment and could intercept the Arab communications.
- They were highly skilled and trained
- Believed they were fighting for survival
Breakdown the fighting between Israel and Egypt.
- Israel destroys 304 Egyptian aircraft before advancing into the Gaza Strip and Sinai (Mon)
- Israel forces advance towards the Suez Canal.
(Tue) - Israelis wins complete control of Sinai and accepted the UN call for a ceasfire
(Wed) - The next day Egypt does the same
(Thur)
Breakdown the fighting between Israel and Jordan.
- Israel destroys the Jordania air force causing the Jordanian troops to attack West Jerusalem
(Mon) - Heavy fighting for control of Jerusalem and the West Bank
(Tue) - Israel captured all of Jerusalem and later the West Bank, causing the Jordanians to accept the UN’s call for a ceasefire.
(Thur)
Breakdown the fighting between Israel and Syria.
- Israel destroys the Syrian air force (Mon) - Israeli troops attack Golan Heights (Fri) - Israeli take control of Golan heights and Syria accept the UN's call for a ceasfire (Sat)
What do the Isrealis know following the war and how does that affect peace negotiations?
They were confident as the regional superpower and feel they don’t have to hurry into peace negotiations.
What new territories do the Israelis add following the war?
West Bank, Gaza, Sinai and Golan heights
What does the control of these territories do to Israel’s border?
Make them more secure adding buffer zones.
What do Isreal oder to make the land more secure?
The army to confiscate the Arab lands and to build Jewish settlements.
What do the Isreali government do to East Jerusalem?
Annex it - breaking international law.
Who do the Arabs blame for their defeat?
US, Britain and the western powers as they were helping Israel.
How do the other Arab nations help Egypt and Jordan for their loss?
The oil propducing states of Kuwait, Libya and Saudi Arabia promise to pay £135 million annually
How do the USSR intervene after the war?
They replace the weapons which its allies, Egypt and Syria lost
What is the Arab policy after the war?
Three Noes
‘No peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiation with it.’
What does the UN release in November 1967?
Resolution 242
How does resolution 242 try to achieve peace?
- Via the withdrawl of Isreali armed forces from territories occupied in the conflict.
- Respect for every state in the area
What part of the resolution supports the Arabs?
Issue of land.
What part of the resolution supports the Israelis?
Issue of peace and security.
What does the resolution effectively recognise?
Isreal’s right to exist
What do the Arabs insist on for peace?
Israeli withdrawl from the territories.
What formula do the subsequent peace treaties follow?
“Land for peace”
Which group led by Yasser Arafat is set up in 1959?
The Fatah
How did the PLO strengthen Nassers poloitically?
It provided him with greater leadership credentials in his regional rivilaries against the Syrians and the Iraqis
After signing the defence pact what does Nasser say to the Americans?
Nasser gave private assurances to the USA that the agreement would not allow Egypt to be dragged into war
What happened in August 1966?
Israel and Syria clashed in a fierce battle in the area of the sea of the Galilee
What happened in November 1966?
The Raid on Samu.
Israel attacked Samu, a village in Jordan.
It was the most expensive operation since the Sinai campaign in 1956 - Suez Crisis
What happened in April 1967?
A major air battle took place over Syria between Syria and Israel causing Syria to lose 6 MiG’s. It was a result of an increasing war of words.
How many brigades had the Israelis supposedly moved to the Syrian border, and what was this equivalent to?
10-12 brigades, equivalent to half their army
How many UN troops were in the region?
1,400 men
When do the Israelis achieve full military mobilization?
20 May
Who accuse Nasser of not supproting the PLO?
The new Syrian government
What policy does Nasser pursure leading up to the six-day war?
Brinkmanship
How do the Israeli’s interpret the clsoing of the Straits of Tiran?
Israel saw it as a Casus Belli, ‘an aggressive act against which Israel is entitled to exercise self-defence
What does the US president tell the Israeli foreign minister?
That the Egyptians had no plan to attack but if they did then the Israeli’s would “whip the hell out of them”
Who was the head of the new Israeli government which led the war effort?
Moshe Dean - hero of the 1956 Sinai campaign
How does the addition of the Golan Hieghts strengthen the Israelis?
Villages in North Israel were now safe from Syrian artillery
How do the israeli’s strengthen their hold over the West Bank?
They build military fortifications on the River Jordan
What process do you take to answer the questions?
- Read sources as a whole
- Underline Key arguments
- Agree or Disagree with the statements
- Specific evidence which you can use in your essay
- Get writing
What do you do in the introduction?
- Key arguments with quotes
- Summarise the entire sources
- Contrast them to one another.
- Detail which is more convinving and why
What do you do in the conclusion?
- Say which one is more convincing
- Why more convincing
- Link back to question
How many paragraphs?
4 - intro, Evaluating Interpreation A and B, conclusion
In Evaluating Interpreation A and B what are the key things to do?
- 3 arguments
- Quote essay and explain
- Evaluate as convincing or not
- Link back every 6/7 lines
- Evaluate whether it is weak argument
- At end detail the source as a whole whether it is convincing or not
