Site Planning And Design Flashcards
An external design element used on windows to help reduce heat gain and glare
A light shelf on a south facing large window which moderates heat and glare
In the public land survey system what is a township
This is a land measurement unit which is 6 miles x 6 miles
A contour line denotes this on a site plan
This denotes points of equal vertical elevation
How far should a handrail extend beyond the ramp at the top and bottom
12”
The usefulness of any parcel of land depends on?
The existence of roads and utilities
What system of land subdivision was encouraged by the Land Ordnance of 1785
The grid system was established in the US after this document
Name 4 design strategies used in a hot humid climate
- Shade all openings
- Minimize building mass
- Use light colors
- Maximize natural ventilation
Design elements that are part of an accessible route from a parked car to the front door
- Striped access isle
- Curb ramp
- Walkway or ramp
- Landings at the top and bottom of the ramp and at the front door
Name two design strategies used to drain a parking lot
- Sheet draining
- Use of a swale
Name 5 design strategies for a hot arid climate
- Use compact forms
- Minimize openings
- Shade openings
- Maximize thermal mass
- Use light colors
What document is used to determine the boundaries of zoning districts
A zoning map
What is the advantage of orienting a building parallel to the contours of the land
Excavation costs are generally minimized when a new building is placed parallel to the contours
What 2 angles are used in surveying to describe the position of the sun
The azimuth and altitude
Design strategies for a cool climate are?
- Use compact forms
- Use large south facing windows
- Use high thermal mass
- Use dark colors
- provide wind protection
What is an arterial street
- High capacity urban road
- It’s function is to deliver traffic collector roads to freeways
- Intersections are reduce to increase traffic flow
In a residential neighborhood where does the sewer line run
- In this area it is run below grade at the center line of the street
- This gives the shortest distance to buildings on both sides of the street
What is a collector street
- This type of street connects local street a with arterial streets
- low to moderate capacity
- these road provide access to the residential property
- speed limit = 20 to 25
What is the distance between two meridians
These lines in the public land survey system are 24 miles apart
What is indicated by contour lines that point in the direction of the downslope
Contour lines that point in this direction indicate a ridge
When modifying a site plan, how close to existing trees may the existing contours of the land be disturbed
Existing contours should not be modified within the drip lines of the tree
What are three principal methods of describing a property’s boundaries
- Location with in a sub division
- metes and bounds
- reference to a township and section
Is the albedo of natural materials low or high
Natural materials reflect little energy so the albedo is low
Albedo=the reflecting power of a surface
What type of roadways are used to connect to expressways
- Arterial streets connect to expressways
- controlled access highway
- highest grade of highway
What is an invert elevation
The bottom of a drain, manhole or catch basin
-this term is often used in sewer and storm sewer design
What issues should an architect be concerned with in the environmental analysis for a new building
Arch should be sensitive to the context of the surrounding area
- views
- existing buildings
- noise
What are the 3 types of circulation to be considered in planning a site
- Automobile
- service vehicle
- pedestrian
A road has a 2% slope. How many feet does it change for every 100’ of horizontal length
A road with this slope changes 2’ in elevation for every 100’ of horizontal change
What is the best range of orientation for a site in the northern hemisphere to balance summer and winter heat gains
Between 5 and 25 degrees east of south
How are contour lines placed to represent a uniform slope
If equally spaced apart they represent a uniform slope
What is the maximum slope on which it is feasible to plant grass for recreational uses and landscape uses
Recreational grass area should be kept to 3% (4%max(
Grass for landscaping can have slopes up to 25%
Over 25% and it is difficult to mow….ground cover should be used
What is the US Energy consumption by sector
25% industry
27% transportation
48% buildings (8% is construction and 40% is O & M
Name 2 approaches to reduce GHG (greenhouse gas)
Passive approach is to work with the climate by design, placement and the use of passive cooling / heating
Active approach is to increase the buildings ability to capture or generate its own energy… Wind solar geothermal
Site analysis includes
- Draw the legal site
- Determine the water table
- Map existing drainage
- Locate existing trees and water features… Wetlands streams etc
- map climate conditions … Sun wind
- determine utility availability
- consider neighborhood context
Name the two broad classes of soils
Coarse grained soils (gravel and sand)
Fine grained soils (silt and clay)
Coarse grained soils are describe as
Having a low percentage of voids and are more stable as a foundation material than silt or clay
Clay soils are
Unstable because they shrink and swell with changes in moisture
Contour lines pointing towards lower elevations represent?
A ridge
Contour lines pointing towards the higher elevations represent?
A valley
Sloped ground is subject to erosion and is difficult to build on when slopes are over?
25%
Ground slopes are usable for most outdoor activities and can be easily built on at what slope percentage?
5%
Over 10% and they become challenging.
5 to 10 % slopes can be used for informal outdoor activities
For every 400’ in elevation, the temperature in the atmosphere decreases?
1 degree F or .56C
The micro climate of a site is influenced by?
- Ground elevation
- The nature and Orientation of land forms
- The presents of bodies of water
How do Large bodies of water affect the site
- Act as heat reservoirs
- cooler than the land during the day and warmer than the land at night
- generate off shore breezes
- generally cooler than the land in summer and warmer than the land in winter
The average rate at which radiant energy from the sun is received by the earth is called
The solar constant
430 BTU per square foot per hour
What are the two essential elements in every passive solar system
South facing glass or transparent plastic
A thermal mass for heat collection, storage, and distribution
Principles of sustainability
- Reduce resource consumption
- Reuse resources
- Recycle resources of reuse
- Protect nature
- Apply life cycle costing
- Focus on quality
A roof slope of greater than 60 degrees may be able to?
Slough of snow
Finished grades should be sloped at __ to drain water away from a building
- 5% minimum
- 2% minimum for impervious surfaces
Surface drainage slopes for parking areas should sloped?
- 2%
- 3% is recommended
In terms of natural ventilation, outlets should be ___ or equal to the inlet size
Larger
A special type of zoning ordinance which allows a fairly large tract of the land to be developed as a single entity for added flexibility in the placement, grouping, size, and use of structures
A PUD ( planned unit development)
Zoning ordinances are enacted within a municipality to….
- Manage growth
- regulate land use
- control building density
- direct development to area with the proper services and amenities
- conserve open space
- protect environmentally sensitive areas
Minimum Pedestrian walk slopes for drainage are?
.5% minimum for drainage
1.5% preferred
Daylight through a window can be effective for task illumination up to a depth of?
Twice the height of a window
First zoning ordinance passed in New York
1916
Zoning primarily affects?
Uses allowed Area of land that can be covered by bldg Bulk of bldg Bldg set back Parking and loading requirement
