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Architecture > Site Planning And Design > Flashcards

Site Planning And Design Flashcards

0
Q

An external design element used on windows to help reduce heat gain and glare

A

A light shelf on a south facing large window which moderates heat and glare

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1
Q

In the public land survey system what is a township

A

This is a land measurement unit which is 6 miles x 6 miles

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2
Q

A contour line denotes this on a site plan

A

This denotes points of equal vertical elevation

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3
Q

How far should a handrail extend beyond the ramp at the top and bottom

A

12”

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4
Q

The usefulness of any parcel of land depends on?

A

The existence of roads and utilities

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5
Q

What system of land subdivision was encouraged by the Land Ordnance of 1785

A

The grid system was established in the US after this document

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6
Q

Name 4 design strategies used in a hot humid climate

A
  • Shade all openings
  • Minimize building mass
  • Use light colors
  • Maximize natural ventilation
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7
Q

Design elements that are part of an accessible route from a parked car to the front door

A
  • Striped access isle
  • Curb ramp
  • Walkway or ramp
  • Landings at the top and bottom of the ramp and at the front door
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8
Q

Name two design strategies used to drain a parking lot

A
  • Sheet draining

- Use of a swale

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9
Q

Name 5 design strategies for a hot arid climate

A
  • Use compact forms
  • Minimize openings
  • Shade openings
  • Maximize thermal mass
  • Use light colors
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10
Q

What document is used to determine the boundaries of zoning districts

A

A zoning map

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11
Q

What is the advantage of orienting a building parallel to the contours of the land

A

Excavation costs are generally minimized when a new building is placed parallel to the contours

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12
Q

What 2 angles are used in surveying to describe the position of the sun

A

The azimuth and altitude

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13
Q

Design strategies for a cool climate are?

A
  • Use compact forms
  • Use large south facing windows
  • Use high thermal mass
  • Use dark colors
  • provide wind protection
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14
Q

What is an arterial street

A
  • High capacity urban road
  • It’s function is to deliver traffic collector roads to freeways
  • Intersections are reduce to increase traffic flow
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15
Q

In a residential neighborhood where does the sewer line run

A
  • In this area it is run below grade at the center line of the street
  • This gives the shortest distance to buildings on both sides of the street
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16
Q

What is a collector street

A
  • This type of street connects local street a with arterial streets
  • low to moderate capacity
  • these road provide access to the residential property
  • speed limit = 20 to 25
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17
Q

What is the distance between two meridians

A

These lines in the public land survey system are 24 miles apart

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18
Q

What is indicated by contour lines that point in the direction of the downslope

A

Contour lines that point in this direction indicate a ridge

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19
Q

When modifying a site plan, how close to existing trees may the existing contours of the land be disturbed

A

Existing contours should not be modified within the drip lines of the tree

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20
Q

What are three principal methods of describing a property’s boundaries

A
  • Location with in a sub division
  • metes and bounds
  • reference to a township and section
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21
Q

Is the albedo of natural materials low or high

A

Natural materials reflect little energy so the albedo is low

Albedo=the reflecting power of a surface

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22
Q

What type of roadways are used to connect to expressways

A
  • Arterial streets connect to expressways
  • controlled access highway
  • highest grade of highway
23
Q

What is an invert elevation

A

The bottom of a drain, manhole or catch basin

-this term is often used in sewer and storm sewer design

24
Q

What issues should an architect be concerned with in the environmental analysis for a new building

A

Arch should be sensitive to the context of the surrounding area

  • views
  • existing buildings
  • noise
25
Q

What are the 3 types of circulation to be considered in planning a site

A
  • Automobile
  • service vehicle
  • pedestrian
26
Q

A road has a 2% slope. How many feet does it change for every 100’ of horizontal length

A

A road with this slope changes 2’ in elevation for every 100’ of horizontal change

27
Q

What is the best range of orientation for a site in the northern hemisphere to balance summer and winter heat gains

A

Between 5 and 25 degrees east of south

28
Q

How are contour lines placed to represent a uniform slope

A

If equally spaced apart they represent a uniform slope

29
Q

What is the maximum slope on which it is feasible to plant grass for recreational uses and landscape uses

A

Recreational grass area should be kept to 3% (4%max(
Grass for landscaping can have slopes up to 25%
Over 25% and it is difficult to mow….ground cover should be used

30
Q

What is the US Energy consumption by sector

A

25% industry
27% transportation
48% buildings (8% is construction and 40% is O & M

31
Q

Name 2 approaches to reduce GHG (greenhouse gas)

A

Passive approach is to work with the climate by design, placement and the use of passive cooling / heating

Active approach is to increase the buildings ability to capture or generate its own energy… Wind solar geothermal

32
Q

Site analysis includes

A
  • Draw the legal site
  • Determine the water table
  • Map existing drainage
  • Locate existing trees and water features… Wetlands streams etc
  • map climate conditions … Sun wind
  • determine utility availability
  • consider neighborhood context
33
Q

Name the two broad classes of soils

A

Coarse grained soils (gravel and sand)

Fine grained soils (silt and clay)

34
Q

Coarse grained soils are describe as

A

Having a low percentage of voids and are more stable as a foundation material than silt or clay

35
Q

Clay soils are

A

Unstable because they shrink and swell with changes in moisture

36
Q

Contour lines pointing towards lower elevations represent?

A

A ridge

37
Q

Contour lines pointing towards the higher elevations represent?

A

A valley

38
Q

Sloped ground is subject to erosion and is difficult to build on when slopes are over?

A

25%

39
Q

Ground slopes are usable for most outdoor activities and can be easily built on at what slope percentage?

A

5%

Over 10% and they become challenging.

5 to 10 % slopes can be used for informal outdoor activities

40
Q

For every 400’ in elevation, the temperature in the atmosphere decreases?

A

1 degree F or .56C

41
Q

The micro climate of a site is influenced by?

A
  • Ground elevation
  • The nature and Orientation of land forms
  • The presents of bodies of water
42
Q

How do Large bodies of water affect the site

A
  • Act as heat reservoirs
  • cooler than the land during the day and warmer than the land at night
  • generate off shore breezes
  • generally cooler than the land in summer and warmer than the land in winter
43
Q

The average rate at which radiant energy from the sun is received by the earth is called

A

The solar constant

430 BTU per square foot per hour

44
Q

What are the two essential elements in every passive solar system

A

South facing glass or transparent plastic

A thermal mass for heat collection, storage, and distribution

45
Q

Principles of sustainability

A
  • Reduce resource consumption
  • Reuse resources
  • Recycle resources of reuse
  • Protect nature
  • Apply life cycle costing
  • Focus on quality
46
Q

A roof slope of greater than 60 degrees may be able to?

A

Slough of snow

47
Q

Finished grades should be sloped at __ to drain water away from a building

A
  • 5% minimum

- 2% minimum for impervious surfaces

48
Q

Surface drainage slopes for parking areas should sloped?

A
  • 2%

- 3% is recommended

49
Q

In terms of natural ventilation, outlets should be ___ or equal to the inlet size

A

Larger

50
Q

A special type of zoning ordinance which allows a fairly large tract of the land to be developed as a single entity for added flexibility in the placement, grouping, size, and use of structures

A

A PUD ( planned unit development)

51
Q

Zoning ordinances are enacted within a municipality to….

A
  • Manage growth
  • regulate land use
  • control building density
  • direct development to area with the proper services and amenities
  • conserve open space
  • protect environmentally sensitive areas
52
Q

Minimum Pedestrian walk slopes for drainage are?

A

.5% minimum for drainage

1.5% preferred

53
Q

Daylight through a window can be effective for task illumination up to a depth of?

A

Twice the height of a window

54
Q

First zoning ordinance passed in New York

A

1916

55
Q

Zoning primarily affects?

A 
Uses allowed 
Area of land that can be covered by bldg
Bulk of bldg
Bldg set back
Parking and loading requirement

Architecture (2 decks)

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