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Respiratory System (1205) > Sinusistis, Epitaxis, Hoarseness And Strido > Flashcards

Sinusistis, Epitaxis, Hoarseness And Strido Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term used to characterize a change in the quality of voice

A

Hoarseness

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2
Q

Hoarseness is a symptom of

A

Disturbance of the physiology of true vocal cords

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3
Q

Persistent Hoarseness occurs for more than ______ weeks

A

2 weeks

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4
Q

What area of the respiratory tract should be visualized when there is persistent hoarseness

A

Larynx

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5
Q

What are the different causes of hoarseness

A

Intrinsic Lesion of vocal cords
Neural Lesion: Vagus or recurrent laryngeal
Neuromuscular junction lesion
Lesion of the layngeal muscles or arthritis of the cricoartyenoid joint

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6
Q

What causes intrinsic lesion of true vocal cords

A

Acute and chronic laryngitis
Vocal Cord Nodules
Laryngeal papillomatosis
Carcinoma of the larynx

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7
Q

What are the causes of hoarseness due to neural lesions

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy

Lesions of Vagus

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8
Q

What are the different lesions of the vagus

A 
Supranuclear (cortico fibres)
Nuclear lesions (nucleus ambiguous in the medulla )
Infranuclear lesions( posterior cranial fossa, jugular foremen, neck, thorax)
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9
Q

What are the causes of subnuclear lesions

A

Cerebrovascular accident

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10
Q

What are the different causes of nuclear lesions

A

Bulbar Poliomyelitis
Motor neuron disease
Lateral Medullary Syndrome (PICA)

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11
Q

What are the different causes of posterior fossa lesions

A

Acoustic Neuroma

Meningioma

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12
Q

What are the different causes of Jugular Foramen lesions

A

Glomus Jugulare

Metastatic carcinoma of the nasopharynx

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13
Q

What causes cervical lesions

A

Thyroid surgery
Penetrating neck injuries
Carotid body surgery
Radial neck dissection

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14
Q

What causes thoracic lesions

A

Carcinoma of oesophagus
Tuberculous or metastatic nodes
Aortic aneurysm or aneurysm surgery

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15
Q

What is the term given to an auditory manifestation of laryngeal or tracheal obstruction

A

Strider

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16
Q

What is normally the sound of strider patients

A

High pitch

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17
Q

What is an example of only inspiratory stridor

A

Glottic obstruction

18
Q

What is an example of both inspiratory and exploratory stridor

A

Subglottis and trachea

19
Q

Give examples of congenital stridor

A 
Laryngomalacia
Bilateral vocal cord palsy
Congenital subglottic stenosis
Subglottic haemangioma 
Vocal cord web
Vocal cord cyst
20
Q

What is the 90% diagnosis of the type of congenital stridor

A

Laryngomalalacia

21
Q

What part in the respiratory tract is said to be immature in Laryngomalacia patients

A

Laryngeal cartilage

22
Q

Try or false, patients with Laryngomalacia have a normal cry

A

True

23
Q

Which position causes Laryngomalacia to worsen

A

Supine position

24
Q

What is the typical onset of Laryngeal papillomatosis

A

Less than 5 years

25
Q

True or false, in Laryngeal Papillomatosis, there is initial hoarseness then stridor

A

True

26
Q

What virus usually causes Laryngeal Papillomatosis

A

HPV types 6,11

27
Q

What is used in the examining and treating of Laryngeal Papillomatosis

A

Microlaryngoscopy

CO2 laser

28
Q

What are the common causes of stridor in adults

A 
Upper Aerodigestive cancers 
Cancer of the larynx, hypopharynx, oesophagus 
Thyroid cancer 
Bilateral vocal cord palsy 
Post thyroidectomy, bulbar palsy
Blunt and penetrating cervical injuries
29
Q

What is use in speech rehabilitation therapy post laryngectomy

A

Blom-Singer Valve

Electronic Larynx

30
Q

What are the blood supplies to the nose

A

External carotid
Maxillary - sphenopalatine, greater palatine
Facial- superior labial branch

Internal Carotid
Anterior and Posterior ethmoid arteries

31
Q

What individuals would more likely have a posterior bleed

A

Elderly

32
Q

What is the usual cause and area of a posterior bleed

A

Elderly
Hypertensive
Plexus of Woodruff(nasopharyngeal plexus)

33
Q

What is the usual area for an anterior bleed

A

Littles area

34
Q

What causes septal perforations

A

Cocaine abuse
Post surgery
Post penetrating surgery
Syphillis

35
Q

What are benign neoplasms

A

Inverted papilloma

Angiofibroma

36
Q

What are the malignant neoplasms

A

Squamous cell Ca nose or sinuses
Olfactory neuroblastoma
Nasopharyngeal Ca

37
Q

What are the general causes of neoplasms

A 
Hypertension 
Pregnancy
Warfarin,
Heparin 
NSAID
Heriditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Congenital Coagulopathy
38
Q

What is the usual cause of bilateral epistaxis

A

Posterior bleed
Severe epistaxis
Septal perforation
Bleeding disorder

39
Q

What are the two types of cautery devices

A

Chemical

Electrical

40
Q

What can be used for Haemostasis

A

Nasal Tamponade
Cautery
Nasal Packs
Ligation of maxillary, anterior ethmoidal, external carotid artery

41
Q

Sinusitis usually is as a result of disease in the _________ complex

A

Ostiomeatal

42
Q

Where is the osteomeatal complex

A

Middle meatus

Respiratory System (1205) (4 decks)

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