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Respiratory System (1205) > Histology Nasal Mucosa And Larynx > Flashcards

Histology Nasal Mucosa And Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What two segments is the nasal cavity divided into

A

Olfactory Segment, Respiratory Segment

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2
Q

What divides the nasal cavity

A

Nasal septum

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3
Q

How many Horizontal Outgrowths are there and what are the called

A

3, nasal Conchae or Turbinates

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the turbinates

A

Disrupt the airflow, directing it towards the olfactory epithelium on the surface of the turbinates and the septum

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5
Q

What are the names of the three concha

A

Superior concha, middle concha, inferior concha

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the olfactory epithelium

A

Detects and transmits odors

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7
Q

What type of cells are in the Olfactory epithelium

A

Pseudostratified tall columnar epithelium without goblet cells and without motile cilae (lack of dynein)

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of cells in the olfactory epithelium

A

Supportive, Basal, Olfactory (sensory)

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9
Q

What is used to distinguish the different cells in the olfactory epithelium

A

Shape and Location of nucleus

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10
Q

Where are supportive cells located

A

More superficially in epithelium

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11
Q

Where are Olfactory cells located

A

Between supportive and basal cells

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12
Q

Where are basal cells located

A

Base of the epithelium

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13
Q

True or False basal cells are short

A

True

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14
Q

Where are Olfactory (Bowman’s) glands located

A

Lamina propria of mucosa

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15
Q

In which Cell type in the Olfactory Epithelium do bipolar neurons for the olfactory nerves

A

Olfactory Cells

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16
Q

Where do Olfactory nerves pass through

A

Cribiform Plate of the Ethmoid Bone

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17
Q

Where do the olfactory nerves terminate

A

Dendrites of mitral Cells located in the glomeruli of olfactory bulb

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18
Q

How do incoming oderants become soluble

A

Secretions from Bowman’s gland

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19
Q

Where are the odorant binding proteins located in the olfactory epithelium

A

Apical piles of neurons covered in on motile cilia

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20
Q

What two parts do the Olfactory Nerve Cells consist of

A

Small Axon, Peripheral Process

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21
Q

Which part of the olfactory nerve cell is the olfactory hair projects found

A

Peripheral Process

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22
Q

What 3 Cells and fiber are found in the Olfactory Bulb

A

Mitral cell, granular cell, synaptic glomerulus, tufted Cells

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23
Q

Which cell type is located more superficially in the epithelium

A

Supporting cells

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24
Q

What cell type in the Olfactory epithelium has tall columnar Cells with Microvilli

A

Supporting cells

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25
Q

Which cell type in the Olfactory Epithelium provides metabolic and physical support for olfactory nerve cells

A

Supporting cells

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26
Q

Which cell type rests in the basal lamina of the epithelium

A

Basal cells

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27
Q

How long do basal cells take to replace epithelium

A

2-4 weeks

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28
Q

What are the two types of basal cells

A

Horizontal and globose basal cells

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29
Q

Which cell type in the Olfactory Epithelium are capable of division and differentiation

A

Basal cells

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30
Q

Where are the Serous Olfactory Glands (Bowman’s Gland) located

A

Connective tissue below epithelium

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31
Q

What type of glands are serous glands

A

Tubuloalveolar serous secreting glands

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32
Q

What is the role of the secretions from the serous olfactory glands (Bowman’s gland)

A

Trap and dissolve odiferous substances

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33
Q

What are the three areas involved in neurogenesis

A

Olfactory bulb
Debate gyrus of hippocampus
Subventricular Zone

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34
Q

What are the 4 cell types of the subventricular zone

A

Type A, B, C, E

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35
Q

Type A cells later migrate to the Olfactory Bulb through what stream

A

Rostral Migratory Stream

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36
Q

What cells in the subventricular zone later becomes the GABA and Dopamine producing interneurons

A

Type A

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37
Q

Type A Cells later become what neurotransmitters

A

GABA and Dopamine

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38
Q

What cell type in the subventricular zone has slowly divides radial-like progenitors

A

Type B cells

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39
Q

What cell type in the subventricular zone has rapidly dividing progenitors

A

Type C cells

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40
Q

What cell type in the subventricular zone has ependymal ciliated Cells

A

Type E cells

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41
Q

What is the Neuronal Lineage in the rostral Migratory System

A

B-C-A

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42
Q

What cell type are these identifiable markers GFAP, Vimentin, Nestin

A

B

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43
Q

What cell type are these identifiable marker Dlx2, Nestin

A

Type C

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44
Q

What cell type are these identifiable marker PSA-NCAM, Dlx2, Tuj1, Hu

A

Type A

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45
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve synapse

A

In the Mitral Cells in the Olfactory bulb

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46
Q

What lobe does the olfactory tract run to

A

Frontal lobe

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47
Q

What does the olfactory tract divide into

A

Median and Lateral Olfactory Striae

48
Q

What carries the axons to the olfactory area of the cerebral cortex

A

Lateral Stria

49
Q

What type of epithelial cells are in the respiratory segment

A

Cilliated Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium with Globlet Cells

50
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory segment

A

The cilia and mucus along the inside of the nasal cavity, trap and remove dust and pathogens form the air
The cilia moves the mucus down the nasal cavity to the pharynx where it can be swallowed

51
Q

What conchae are located in the respiratory segment

A

Middle and inferior conchae

52
Q

True or false, the respiratory segment has a very vascularized lamina propria

A

True

53
Q

How often does the cycle of the conchae mucosa engorge in blood, restricting airflow, causing the air to be directed to the other side of the nose

A

20-30 minutes

54
Q

Which regions do nose bleeds usually occur

A

Inferior concha

55
Q

What’s another name for nose bleeds

A

Epistaxis

56
Q

What stains are used in the inferior concha

A

Alcian blue and Van Gieson

57
Q

Where is the vomeronasal organ located

A

Back of the septum

58
Q

What is the role of the vomeronasal organ

A

Detect Pheromones

59
Q

True or False, the sinus Epithelium has lymphoid tissue

A

False

60
Q

True or False, the sinus epithelium is thicker with more goblet cells than the respiratory type epithelium

A

False it is thinner with fewer globlet cells

61
Q

Nasal Cavities open posteriorly in the _______ and continues causally with the _______

A

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

62
Q

What is the function of the larynx

A

Breathing
Sound Production
Protecting the trachea against food aspiration

63
Q

True or False the Larynx manipulates pitch and volume

A

True

64
Q

Where are the vocal cords located

A

Larynx

65
Q

The histological structure of the vocal cord can be separated into how many tissues

A

5 or 6

66
Q

What are the 3 sections of the vocal cords

A

The cover, transition and the body

67
Q

What does the cover of the vocal cords consist of

A

Epithelium (mucosa)
Basal lamina (basement membrane)
Superficial layer of the lamina propria mucosae

68
Q

What does the transition consist of

A

Intermediate and deep layers of the lamina propria

69
Q

What is the body composed of

A

Thyroarytenoid muscle

70
Q

What is the free edge of the vibratory portion of the vocal fold called

A

Anterior glottis

71
Q

What type of epithelium covers the anterior glottis

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

72
Q

How thick is the epithelium of the cover

A

5-25 cells thick

73
Q

What is on the surface of the epithelial cells on the cover

A

Microridges and microvilli

74
Q

What is the purpose of the microridges and microvilli

A

To spread and retain a mucous coat on the epithelium

75
Q

What is the purpose of the epithelium

A

Maintain the shape of the vocal cords

76
Q

What is essential for normal phonation and to avoid excessive abrasion of the vocal cords

A

Lubrications

77
Q

What are the two zones of the basal lamina called

A

Lamina lucida

Lamina sends

78
Q

What part of the basal lamina has a low density clear zone medial to the epithelial basal cells

A

Lamina lucida

79
Q

What part of the basal lamina has a greater density of filaments and adjacent to the lamina propria

A

Lamina densa

80
Q

What part of the basal lamina provides. Physical support to the epithelium and is essential for repair of epithelium

A

Lamina densa

81
Q

What part of the cover contains loose fibrous components and extra cellular matrices that can be compared to soft gelatin

A

Superficial layer of the lamina propria

82
Q

What term is given to to the extracellular matrixes that can be compared to soft gelatin

A

Reinke’s Space

83
Q

Which part of the vocal cords vibrates a great deal during phonation and has the viscoelasticity needed to support the vibratory function

A

Superficial layer of the lamina propria

84
Q

What does the primary extracellular matrices of the vocal cord contain

A

Reticular, collagenous, elastic fibers as well glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans

85
Q

What is the purpose of the fibers in the superficial layer of the lamina propria

A

Provides tensile strength and resilience so that the vocal fold may vibrate freely but still retain their shape

86
Q

What fibers make up the intermediate layer of the lamina propria

A

Elastic fibers

87
Q

What fibers make up the deep layers of the lamina propria

A

Collagenous fibers

88
Q

The fibres run roughly parallels to the vocal fold edge and the two layers of the lamina propria comprises of the

A

Vocal ligament

89
Q

What is the purpose of the transitional layer of the vocal cord

A

Support of the Vocal Folds

Providing adhesion between the mucosa (cover), the body (thuroarytenoid muscle)

90
Q

What is the body of the vocal cord comprise of

A

Thyroarytenoid and Vocalis muscle

Thyrovocalis and Thyromuscularis

91
Q

What type of epithelium is in the true vocal cords

A

Stratifies squamous non keratinized epithelium

92
Q

What type of muscle is in the vocalis muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

93
Q

What type of epithelium lines the False vocal cord

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

94
Q

What type of glands are in the lamina propria of the False vocal cords

A

Seromucous glands

95
Q

What structures are present in the lamina propria of the False vocal cords

A

Blood vessels, lymphatic nodules, adipose Cells and seromucous glands

96
Q

What separates the the False vocal cord form the true vocal cord

A

Ventricle

97
Q

What is located at the apex of the true vocal cord

A

Vocalis Ligament

98
Q

What is located adjacent to the true vocal cords

A

Skeletal Vocalis muscle

99
Q

What 2 types of cartilages provide support for the larynx

A

Hyaline and cricoid cartilage

100
Q

What type of Epithelium is in the lower larynx

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

101
Q

The are ______ layers of lamina propria in infants and _______ layers of lamina propria in adults

A

1,3

102
Q

True or False, there are no vocal ligaments before 4 years of age

A

True

103
Q

During Puberty, voice change is controlled by

A

Sex hormones

104
Q

In females, the vocal is muscle _______ slightly, but remains ______ and ________

A

Thickens, supple and narrow

105
Q

In females, During puberty the _________ differentiated into 3 district layers on the _________

A

Squamous mucosa, free edge of the vocal folds

106
Q

The sub and supraglottic mucosa becomes hormone dependent to which two hormones in females

A

Estrogen and progesterone

107
Q

In males, what hormone causes change in cartilages and musculature of larynx

A

Testosterone

108
Q

What structure appears during puberty for males

A

Thyroid prominence

109
Q

He vocal cords _______ and become rounded and epithelium ____ with formation of the three layers of the lamina propria in males

A

Lengthen , thickens

110
Q

In adulthood, the elastic content _____ with age

A

Increases ( decreased ability of lamina propria to expand )

111
Q

In old age the vocal muscle

A

Atrophies

112
Q

What structure is the superior part of the larynx that projects upward from the larynx wall

A

Epiglottis

113
Q

What type of cartilage forms the core of the epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage

114
Q

What type of epithelium lines the lingual and part of the laryngeal surface

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

115
Q

What Epithelium lines the base of the epiglottis

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

116
Q

Where are taste buds present

A

Lingual and laryngeal epithelium

Respiratory System (1205) (4 decks)

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