Sino-Japanse war and Yan-an soviet Flashcards
How did Jiang’s government respond to Japanese military aggression in northern China?
Jiang was unable to respond due to his armed forces being too weak
Nationalists appealed to LON for help h/w little effect + J leaves LON
How did Jiang’s errors and those of his Nationalist generals decrease support for the GMD?
Jiang’s lack of response to Manchuria= brought government to disrepute + passive policy to war lead supporters to find it “uninspiring”
1935 Jiang agrees with J taking 6 more provinces -> outraged students began 9th December 1935 Movement
7th of June 1938- dykes of yellow river = blown up -> crops in 3 provinces ruined, 11 cities flooded, 4000 villages destroyed, 3-5 million people left homeless
What policies and strategies were implemented by the CCP at Yan’an?
land and tax reform - > surplus land taken from landlord then redistributed, encourage people to “turn over” established orders
Social change - > women’s associations, increased literacy rates
economic change - > everyone = is involved with growing food, soldiers help peasants till the land
political change - > theory of ‘mass line’ = officials work alongside peasants, listen to their concerns + find practical solutions
What was the purpose and nature of Mao’s Rectification Campaign?
purpose = teach Mao’s revolutionary ideas to Chinese communists and eliminate the influence of political opponents
nature = campaign executed through purges to remove rivals, pushing Maoist virtues inspired by long march spirit and pushing that theory and practice went hand in hand
How did the Xian incident lead to the Second United Front? What were the details of the agreement?
12th of December 1936 = Division of Zhang’s troops placed Jiang under unrest -> Jiang released back to GMD on condition he ended anti-com campaigns and agree to second united front
How did the war with Japan impact on the Nationalist government?
Nat gov deprived of power base in central + coastal China -> form ‘free China” in Chong Qing
Hyperinflation- prices rose by 237% b/w 1942 and 1944- economy destroyed
Henan famine - 2~3 million deaths
foreign relations did improve as US saw Jiang as an ally in fighting J and recognised him as one of ‘big four’
How did the war with Japan impact on the CCP?
JP brutality drove more peasantry to CCP -> return to guerrilla warfare, land reform, and patriotic appeal
Seen to be putting goals of the nation before goals of the party throughout the conflict- distinction from Nationalists
CCP controlled more territory than GMD
What were American observations of the Communists at Yan’an?
Dixie mission – July 1944 – USA diplomats to Yan’an-> members of mission impressed by Communists esp. morale, organisation and discipline in Yan’an
What was the overall impact of the war on China?
- 3 million Chinese soldiers killed
- 18 million civilians killed
- 95 million people became refugees
- Destruction of multiple towns and cities
