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CPR 2 Exam 2 > Singh Respiratory Pathology #6 > Flashcards

Singh Respiratory Pathology #6 Flashcards

1
Q

What epithelium lines Nose, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses?

A

Respiratory type epithelium

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2
Q

How does allergic fungal sinusitis occur?

A
  • Result of hypersensitivity to fungal organisms such as Aspergillus that have colonized the sinus tract
    • allergic mucin is seen
  • May get a mycetoma (fungal ball)
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3
Q

Acute invasive sinusitis, who does it occur in, histo findings, and treatment?

A
  • Occurs in diabetic or immunocompromised patients
    • ID necrotic sinusitis with non septate hyphae
  • Due to zygomycosis
  • Emergent situation requiring IV antifungal tx
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4
Q

GPA? affects who, where, and histo?

A
  • Typically middle aged adults
  • affects nasal passages and sinuses with ulcerations necrosis and perforation of septum
  • can also affect lung and kidney
  • granulomatous inflammation
  • classic necrobiotic necrosis
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5
Q

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma?

A
  • Occurs in young men
  • Vascular fibrous core lined by benign epithelium
  • Benign but may bleed
  • Assoc. with FAP
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6
Q

Sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma types and epidemimology?

A
  • Middle aged men
  • HPV association
  • 3 types
    • exophytic
    • endophytic
    • oncocytic
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7
Q

Olfactory neuroblastoma? describe histo, characteristic finding, age

A
  • Small round blue cell tumor
  • arises from neuroectoderm in superior nasal passage
  • peaks in adolescence and middle age
  • Dumbell shaped tumor
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8
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma? (what is it where does it present)

A
  • Basically Squamous carcinoma
  • Arises in the nasopharynx but presents in the neck as the lymph node metastasis is larger than primary tumor
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9
Q

Risks for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A
  • Hereditary
  • Age
  • EBV
  • ingestion of smoked fish (chinese/SE asian adults)
  • young african children (EBV related)
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10
Q

Vocal cord nodules?

A
  • Edematous inflammation of soft tissue on vocal fold
  • grossly soft and translucent
  • Histologically see edema and loose stroma under benign squamous epithelium
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11
Q

What is Laryngeal squamous papilloma? What is it associated with?

A
  • Benign squamous neoplasm with papillary appearance
  • Associated with HPV 6 and 11
  • Grossly friable papillary mass
  • can be solitary or in association with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
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12
Q

What is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis? Who/how do you get it? Association?

A
  • Starts at larynx but spreads down to airways and can diffusely involve the lungs
  • associated with HPV 6 and 11 acquired during childbirth
    • mothers <20
    • vaginal delivery
    • first born
      • kids and adolescents get it
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13
Q

Rare complication of RRP?

A

malignancy <1%

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14
Q

What type of carcinoma is Laryngeal carcinoma?

A

Squamous carcinoma

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15
Q

Who is laryngeal carcinoma seen in and what are the risks?

A
  • Men >60
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • HPV infection
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16
Q

Otitis media bacteria causes?

A
  • S. pneumonia
  • M. catarrhalis
  • H. influenza
17
Q

In diabetics what causes chronic otitis media?

A

P. aeruginosa

18
Q

What is a cholesteatoma? What lines it and what is the complication?

A
  • Cystic lesion that arises in chronic otitis media
  • Lined by benign squamous epithelium with trapped keratin debris
  • Reactive process but can enlarge and erode bone
19
Q

Otosclerosis?

A
  • bony deposition usually at stapedial foot plate
  • conductive hearing loss is primary complication
  • appears familial with AD pattern
20
Q

Who do branchial cysts occur in, where does it arise from, what lines it?

A
  • unilateral occur in young adults and arises from the second branchial arch
  • Histologically its lined by stratified squamous or respiratory epithelium with fibrous tissue surrounding it
    • +/- lymphoid tissue
    • keratin
21
Q

What needs to be considered in an adult >40 with a cystic neck mass?

A
  • Metastatic carcinoma
22
Q

What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?

A

Remnant nest of tissue from thyroid migration with cystic change

23
Q

Where do carotid body tumors arise from?

A
  • tumor of neural crest origin arising from autonomic paraganglia
  • May be sporadic
  • May be associated with MEN 2
24
Q

What is the prognosis of carotid body tumor, and what is seen in histoloogy?

A
  • 15%-40% will be malignant and you CAN’T tell with histology
  • See nests of cells called Zellballen on histo with S-100 stain highlighting sustentacular cells

CPR 2 Exam 2 (17 decks)

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