Sin and Forgiveness Flashcards

1
Q

What is absolute morality?

A

The way you make decisions never changes

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2
Q

What is relative morality?

A

Your view on something changes depending on the circumstances

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3
Q

What does the Catholic teach us about what the morality of human acts depend on?

A
  • the object chosen (the act we do)
  • the end in view or the intention (the motive)
  • the circumstances of the action (is it done in the right way?)
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4
Q

What did Jesus say about judging others?

A
  • Jesus warned us to not judge others is we wish to avoid judgement ourselves
  • Jesus was talking about judging hearts and minds which only God can do
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5
Q

What are the different types of punishment?

A
  • reform, rehabilitation
  • retribution
  • deterrence
  • expiation
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6
Q

What is reform, rehabilitation punishment?

A
  • the only way to really stop crime is to reform the criminal so they don’t commit more crimes
  • criminals should be taught not to commit crimes again
  • most criminals only commit crime because they don’t know any better
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7
Q

What is retribution punishment?

A
  • criminals suffer what they’ve done wrong
  • criminals should pay for their crime
  • it punishes the criminal
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8
Q

What is deterrence punishment?

A
  • the punishment should put other people off committing crime
  • this is done through a severe punishment in proportion to the crime
  • if someone knows they will have their hand cut off for stealing, they won’t steal
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9
Q

What is expiation punishment?

A
  • punishment is willingly accepted by the guilty party, it is making up for what’s done
  • 1 problem here - crime and punishment that ‘pays for’ the crime can never perfectly match
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10
Q

What is capital punishment?

A

A death penalty or where people who have been sentenced to death by the state

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11
Q

For arguments - Capital punishment

A
  • murdering family/ relatives/ friends builds up rage - gives closure to the families
  • for those who are 100% guilty
  • murder, torture, rape, taking away liberty of life - should resolve the death penalty
    “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”
  • by consenting to the death penalty, a criminal makes up for their crime and might escape eternal punishment in hell
  • in the face of death, the criminal may repent and reconcile with God
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12
Q

Against arguments - capital punishment

A
  • mistakes will be made - innocent people being accused of being guilty (injustice to innocent people) - 143 people have been exonerated and freed from death row since 1973 in the US (how many times they’ve been wrong)
  • capital punishment is barbaric, it’s seeking revenge
  • it brutalises society - humanists - to commit a crime, it reflects on society
  • Repentance - put people in prison
    “Turn the other cheek”
  • not all criminals repent for their sins on a death row
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13
Q

St Augustine’s thoughts on capital punishment

A

“…. We should prefer to have them set free than to have the sufferings of our brothers avenged by blood”

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14
Q

Pope Francis’s thoughts on capital punishment

A
  • responsibility to protect and defend human life at all costs
  • as part of his ministry, he wants to abolish the death penalty
  • every life is sacred
  • encouragement to those to end death penalty
  • rehabilitation
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15
Q

What is salvation?

A

The action of Jesus which saves humanity from the consequences of sin

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16
Q

Christian Beliefs on salvation

A
  • humans started sinning when we were born - this is because they went against God’s will
  • Christians believe that without God’s help, they will continue to sin, when they sin they should repent
  • Christians also believe that when Jesus was crucified he saved humankind from sin and they now have a chance to be saved (salvation)
17
Q

What are beliefs on Hell?

A
  • God does not send anyone to Hell
  • rather we decide our eternal destination through our choices in life
  • if we are not the sort of person who wants to live with others and love others in Heaven, we won’t want to be there
  • God cannot allow us to spoil eternal life for others
18
Q

What does Mary’s Magnificat teach us?

A

That Mary felt she had a mission to serve God
- she calls herself his servant and shows that she was very faithful
“My soul magnifies the lord” - her love for God is getting stronger
“My spirit rejoices in God my Saviour” - sees God as a saviour
“Lowliness of his servant” - she considers herself a lot less important than God

19
Q

How is Mary as a disciple presented?

A

She is faithful - trusted and had faith in God when an angel told her she was going to have a baby - ‘let it be done’ - she is willing to trust and follow God
She is courageous - she accepted the challenge of pregnancy especially at a young age - it takes courage to do what God wants us to do
She is a mother - Mary is the mother of Jesus - therefore the mother of God - the catechism describes the Magnificat as the song of the mother of God and the mother of the church - she gives herself fully to God like a good disciple should
She is first and last - Mary was present when Jesus was born and was present when he took his last breath, she stayed with her son when he died - God came first before anything else in her life

20
Q

What did St Paul refer to the church as?

A

The body of Christ with Jesus as the head and us as the body
- we are the ones who have to be Christ’s body on earth today, helping people
- we are all one body of Christ
“… All its many parts form one body”
- when Jesus ascended to Heaven, he trusted his followers to continue his mission because he no longer had a body on earth to do it