Simulation Exam 1 Flashcards
For every 1 degree Celsius that the core body temperature decreases, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption
8% decrease
During a craniotomy, a patient’s blood pressure decreases from 120/80 to 60/30. Which of the following would happen?
Cerebral vessels would dilate and CBF would decrease
In response to a decreased MAP, cerebral vessels dilate. Between MAPs of 60 and 160 this mechanism is able to keep CBF constant, but outside of this range CBF becomes pressure dependent. The MAP decreased to 40, therefore CBF would decrease despite compensatory mechanisms.
Local anesthetics exist as:
weak bases with a positively charged amine group
Following injection of lidocaine during an epidural anesthetic, the patient begins to complain of numbness of her lips, dizziness, and ringing in the ears. Which of the following would be an appropriate intervention?
Encourage the patient to hyperventilate
An HIV-positive patient is taking a combination of zidovudine and corticosteroids. You know that this can place the patient at risk for
Respiratory muscle dysfunction
You explain to a patient who smokes cigarettes that in order to minimize the effects of carbon monoxide on oxygen-carrying capacity, he/she should refrain from smoking for at least
12-18 hours
The elimination half-life of carbon monoxide is about 4 to 6 hours which means that a smoke free interval of 12 to 18 hours results in marked decreases in carboxyhemoglobin levels and a corresponding increase in oxygen carrying capacity.
Patients with cardiac valvular disorders undergoing tonsillectomy are at risk for endocarditis from chronic tonsillar infection by
Streptococcal organisms
At what age is the MAC for sevoflurane the highest?
3 months old
What is the earliest sign of graft function after liver transplantation surgery?
Base deficit normalizes with rapid fresh frozen plasma administration
Which of the following laboratory changes are most specific for hepatobiliary obstruction?
5’ nucleotidase elevation
Which of the following lab results would be consistent with glycogen storage disease?
Metabolic acidosis
Glycogen storage disease results in a lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. As a result, glycogen cannot be hydrolyzed in hepatocytes and other cells and becomes inappropriately stored in the intracellular space. Hypoglycemia can be severe and metabolic acidosis develops as a consequence.
All of the following findings are consistent with a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma except:
Decreased hematocrit
Pheochromocytoma is associated with ECG changes such as left ventricular hypertrophy, nonspecific T wave changes, and evidence of ischemia, urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (a byproduct of catecholamine metabolism), and increased hematocrit due to volume contraction resulting from chronic hypertension. Alterations in serum magnesium levels are not necessarily associated with pheochromocytoma.
All of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia except
Hypotension
All of the following pathologies are associated with sarcoidosis except:
B. Chronic extrinsic restrictive lung disease
Sarcoidosis is associated with diffuse granulomatous lesions resulting in intrinsic restrictive lung disease, cor pulmonale, and restrictive cardiomyopathy which may present as heart block and dysrhythmias. Other classic signs are hypercalcemia, hepatic granulomas, splenomegaly, and involvement of the parotid gland and facial and optic nerves.
Autonomic hyperreflexia would most likely produce
vasoconstriction below the spinal cord lesion
When a patient experiences autonomic hyperreflexia, a reflex dilation of the tissues ABOVE the level of the spinal cord injury will occur to help offset the sudden increase in blood pressure caused by the unopposed vasoconstriction below the spinal cord lesion.