Simply DNA

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

DNA is a type of ___________.

Answer 2

Nucleic Acid

Question 3

What is the purpose of DNA?

Answer 3

It’s a macromolecule containing genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation.

Question 4

Where is DNA found in Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

In the nuclei (nuclei=plural of nucleus)

Question 5

Where is DNA found in Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

In the cytoplasm (no nuclei)

Question 6

Nucleic Acids are polymers. What are polymers?

Answer 6

Large molecules made of smaller, repeating units/building blocks, or MONOMERS

Question 7

In DNA, monomers are called __________.

Answer 7

Nucleotides

Question 8

When monomers (nucleotides) in DNA bond together, they form ____________

Answer 8

Polymer / Polynucleotide

Question 9

Nucleotide monomers are made of which 3 subunits?

Answer 9

1. A phosphate group.
2. A 5-carbon sugar (“pentose”).
3. A nitrogenous base.

Question 10

What is the main difference between the sugar of DNA and RNA?

Answer 10

In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose
In RNA, the sugar is ribose
The sugar in DNA has no oxygen molecule at Carbon 2’

Question 11

What is “the other” base in RNA and which one does it replace (in regards to DNA)?

Question 12

Draw a diagram (with labels) of a nucleotide, first the primary (not connected) version, then the final. Label the bonds.

Answer 12

Question 13

Deoxyribose (the pentose sugar in DNA) and Ribose (the pentose sugar in RNA) differ by only one _______ atom on _____.

Answer 13

Oxygen; Carbon 2’

Question 14

Which nitrogenous bases are Pyrimidines

Answer 14

Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)

Question 15

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

Answer 15

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 16

What are PYRIMIDINES?

Answer 16

They are ‘one ring’ nitrogenous bases

Question 17

What are PURINES?

Answer 17

They are ‘two ring’ nitrogenous bases

Question 18

Which nitrogenous bases are Purines?

Answer 18

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)

Question 19

Nitrogenous Bases are held together by _______

Answer 19

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 20

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, To which carbon is the PHOSPHATE attached?

Answer 20

5’ carbon

Question 21

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, to which carbon is the NITROGENOUS BASE attached?

Answer 21

1’ carbon

Question 22

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, to which carbon is the – OH attached?

Answer 22

3’ carbon

Question 23

A nucleotide bonds to another nucleotide such that the _____ of one nucleotide is connected to the _____ of the next with a ______ in the middle

Answer 23

3’ ;
5’ ;
phosphate;

Question 24

What are the bonds called between nucleotides (monomers)?

Answer 24

phosphodiester bonds

Question 25

The DNA has _______ backbone

Answer 25

a “sugar-phosphate backbone”

Question 26

The nitrogenous bases (A,G,C & T) are bonded to the 1’ carbon of the sugar with bonds that are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

“glycosyl bonds” or N-glycosidic bonds.

Question 27

Polynucleotides are read from the __ end to the __ end | (insert picture)

Answer 27

5' to 3' | (the top of a polynucleotide, is where the phosphate and nitrogenous bases are attached)

Question 28

The DNA polymer is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, forming a ___________ shape (and is held together by\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)

Answer 28

DOUBLE STRANDED; DOUBLE HELIX; HYDROGEN BONDS;

Question 29

The DNA strands are ___________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

ANTIPARALLEL; COMPLEMENTARY

Question 30

Nitrogenous base Adenine pairs only with ______ and Cytosine pairs only with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This means that the bases on one strand are ________ to bases on the other.

Answer 30

Thymine; Guanine; Complementary

Question 31

Adenine forms ____ (this many) H bonds with Thymine

Answer 31

two

Question 32

Guanine forms ____ (this many) H bonds bond with Cytosine

Answer 32

three

Question 33

Given a 5' to 3' strand: G A G A T A T A G A T T A C C A What is the sequence of the complementary (draw it with the appropriate hydrogen bonds)?

Answer 33

strand: C T C T A T A T C T A A T G G T bonds: 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2

Question 34

The ____________ form the backbone of the DNA "ladder" while the __________ are the rungs of the ladder.

Answer 34

Phosphodiester bonds; Hydrogen bonds;

Question 35

What is the purpose of DNA? (Card 2: merge)

Answer 35

DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.