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Biology > Simply DNA > Flashcards

Simply DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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2
Q

DNA is a type of ___________.

A

Nucleic Acid

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3
Q

What is the purpose of DNA?

A

It’s a macromolecule containing genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation.

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4
Q

Where is DNA found in Eukaryotic cells?

A

In the nuclei (nuclei=plural of nucleus)

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5
Q

Where is DNA found in Prokaryotic cells?

A

In the cytoplasm (no nuclei)

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6
Q

Nucleic Acids are polymers. What are polymers?

A

Large molecules made of smaller, repeating units/building blocks, or MONOMERS

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7
Q

In DNA, monomers are called __________.

A

Nucleotides

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8
Q

When monomers (nucleotides) in DNA bond together, they form ____________

A

Polymer / Polynucleotide

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9
Q

Nucleotide monomers are made of which 3 subunits?

A
  1. A phosphate group.
  2. A 5-carbon sugar (“pentose”).
  3. A nitrogenous base.
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10
Q

What is the main difference between the sugar of DNA and RNA?

A

In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose
In RNA, the sugar is ribose
The sugar in DNA has no oxygen molecule at Carbon 2’

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11
Q

What is “the other” base in RNA and which one does it replace (in regards to DNA)?

A
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12
Q

Draw a diagram (with labels) of a nucleotide, first the primary (not connected) version, then the final. Label the bonds.

A
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13
Q

Deoxyribose (the pentose sugar in DNA) and Ribose (the pentose sugar in RNA) differ by only one _______ atom on _____.

A

Oxygen; Carbon 2’

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14
Q

Which nitrogenous bases are Pyrimidines

A

Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)

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15
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

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16
Q

What are PYRIMIDINES?

A

They are ‘one ring’ nitrogenous bases

17
Q

What are PURINES?

A

They are ‘two ring’ nitrogenous bases

18
Q

Which nitrogenous bases are Purines?

A

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)

19
Q

Nitrogenous Bases are held together by _______

A

Hydrogen Bonds

20
Q

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, To which carbon is the PHOSPHATE attached?

A

5’ carbon

21
Q

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, to which carbon is the NITROGENOUS BASE attached?

A

1’ carbon

22
Q

On the DNA nucleotide diagram, to which carbon is the – OH attached?

A

3’ carbon

23
Q

A nucleotide bonds to another nucleotide such that the _____ of one nucleotide is connected to the _____ of the next with a ______ in the middle

A

3’ ;
5’ ;
phosphate;

24
Q

What are the bonds called between nucleotides (monomers)?

A

phosphodiester bonds

25
Q

The DNA has _______ backbone

A

a “sugar-phosphate backbone”

26
Q

The nitrogenous bases (A,G,C & T) are bonded to the 1’ carbon of the sugar with bonds that are called _____________

A

“glycosyl bonds” or N-glycosidic bonds.

27
Q

Polynucleotides are read from the __ end to the __ end

(insert picture)

A

5’ to 3’

(the top of a polynucleotide, is where the phosphate and nitrogenous bases are attached)

28
Q

The DNA polymer is _____________, forming a ___________ shape (and is held together by________)

A

DOUBLE STRANDED;
DOUBLE HELIX;
HYDROGEN BONDS;

29
Q

The DNA strands are ___________ and ___________

A

ANTIPARALLEL;
COMPLEMENTARY

30
Q

Nitrogenous base Adenine pairs only with ______ and Cytosine pairs only with __________. This means that the bases on one strand are ________ to bases on the other.

A

Thymine;
Guanine;
Complementary

31
Q

Adenine forms ____ (this many) H bonds with Thymine

A

two

32
Q

Guanine forms ____ (this many) H bonds bond with Cytosine

A

three

33
Q

Given a 5’ to 3’ strand:
G A G A T A T A G A T T A C C A
What is the sequence of the complementary (draw it with the appropriate hydrogen bonds)?

A

strand: C T C T A T A T C T A A T G G T
bonds: 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2

34
Q

The ____________ form the backbone of the DNA “ladder” while the __________ are the rungs of the ladder.

A

Phosphodiester bonds;

Hydrogen bonds;

35
Q

What is the purpose of DNA? (Card 2: merge)

A

DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.

Biology (3 decks)

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