Chromosomes, Genes, Alleles and Traits

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.

Question 2

What are alleles?

Answer 2

They are different versions of the same gene. They code for versions of the smae protein, which can affect the body differently

Question 3

If someone has two of the smae alleles, they are said to be ________

Answer 3

Homozygous

Question 4

If someone has two different forms of an allele, they are said to be __________

Answer 4

Heterozygous

Question 5

How do genes control characteristics that offspring will have?

Answer 5

• Genes produce proteins.
• A certain sequence of bases in DNA will produce one type of protein while another sequence will produce another type

Question 6

Each protein has an affect on the function of a cell. That function manifests as a __________

Answer 6

“Trait” i.e. an observable characteristic of an individual

Question 7

POP QUIZ!

If I have a 5’ to 3’ strand with the sequence below, what is the complementary strand sequence?

G A G A T A T A G A T T A C C A

Answer 7

The 3’ to 5’ sequence is:

C U C U A U A U C U A A U G G U

Question 8

What is a chromosome?

Answer 8

An organized package of DNA found in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 9

Humans have ____ pairs of chromosomes in total. 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes, called _______, and one pair of ___________, X and Y.

Answer 9

23;

autosomes;

sex chromosomes;

Question 10

In humans, genes are split into coding (_______) and non-coding sequences (______)

Answer 10

exons;

introns

Question 11

________ protect the ends of the chromosomes during DNA replication by forming a cap.

Answer 11

Telomeres