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Medical Nutritional Therapy > SIMPLIFIED MNT > Flashcards

SIMPLIFIED MNT Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Which food could someone with gluten sensitivity not eat?

A

Gravy

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2
Q

RQ mixed diet =

A

0.85

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3
Q

Cancer has invaded into deeper tissues in the breast or spread to other organs in the body and no longer confined to ducts (IDC)/lobules (ILC) where it began

A

Invasive (Infiltrating) Carcinoma:

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4
Q

Genisten – the most prevalent isoflavin in SOY

Avoid Phytoestrogen (like lignans)

A

Foods to avoid by women w/ ER+ breast cancer

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5
Q

Recommendations for Primary Hyperoxaluria, Calcium Oxalate, and Uric Acid Kidney Stones

A 
Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
High fluid intake @ 2000-3000 mL/day
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6
Q

Different antacids and acids suppressing meds in GERD: which are PPIs and H2 blockers

A

Antacids
Mylanta, Maalox, Tums, or Rolaids etc
Gaviscon –> foams and ↓ acid reflux into esophagus

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7
Q

Diseases associated w/ being a cause of Anemia of Chronic Disease

A

Lupus

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8
Q

Folate (B9) anemia: lab test and abnormalities in complete blood count

A

>100 mg FIGLU excretion

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9
Q

Cobalamin (B12) anemia: lab test and abnormalities in complete blood count

A
  • High Methamalonic Acid (MMA) > 3.5 mg*

* Schilling Test (B12 absorption) – deficient if less urine excretion*

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10
Q

Side effects of Cyclosporine

A

Cyclosporine

Hypomagnesmia, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, increase BG, and; hyperuricemia

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11
Q

Pt. has Radiation Enteritis, and Ulcerative Colitis (UC): what kind of diarrhea would they have

A

This leads to exudative diarrhea - Inflammation of gut, excretion of blood, mucus, plasma proteins, and electrolytes

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12
Q

Which antacid is most likely to cause diarrhea

A

Milk of Magnesia

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13
Q

INH (Isoniazid) supplemenet

A

200-400 mg/day of niacin – with pellagra

Avoid Swiss/Cheshire cheese, tuna, skipjack, sardinella – histamine and tyramine containing foods

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14
Q

MAOI’s Nardil supplement

A

Avoid consumption of high tyramine foods

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15
Q

DASH diet: what it’s high and low in

A

2-3 servings/day of low fat dairy products - on the test it says 5 servings/day so it won’t be the answer

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16
Q

MCT oil: how it’s absorbed and possible side effects

A

Absorbed in the bloodstream and provides quick energy for body and not as likely to be stores as fat

Acts as a CHO not FAT and goes to liver to be used as an immediate energy source

17
Q

Neutopenic diet: what it is and identify foods that wouldn’t be allowed

A

NO CHEESE! – Cottage cheese was an example on the test

18
Q

What happens if a person has 4 alcohol drinks a day: what would go up in their blood?

A
  • Alcohol tends to increase plasma HDL, decreasing CVD risk*
  • Alcohol increases levels of clot dissolving enzyme*
  • Inhibits FA oxidation in liver  TG accumulation (fatty liver) and increased production of VLDL*
19
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease : S and S

A

Signs and Symptoms:

Intermittent claudication

20
Q

graft or tissue from someone other than pt. who is non-identical (matching sibling)

A

Allogeneic

21
Q

Gives pt. menu: calculate how many cc of fluid

A

1 cup = 8 oz = 240 mL = 240 cc

1 fl. ounce = about 30 mL

22
Q

Omega 3 PUFA

A

EPA, DHA

23
Q

Omega 6 PUFA

A

safflower,

evening primrose seed oil

24
Q

Omega 9 MUFA

A

olive, canola, peanut

25
Q

Saturated FA

A

palm

26
Q

Lab value high in Hepatitis

A

AST, ALT, — Jaundice

27
Q

VMA test: what is it

A

Test Diet for Phenocytomachroma

28
Q

Groups are at high risk for different anemias

A

Ex. Young female with heavy periods – iron deficiency (microcytic anemia)

29
Q

Nutrients that may be helpful to lower elevated homocysteine

A

Supplements of B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin), and folate (B9)

30
Q

What is Benecol? — Stanol Ester

A

Stanol ester–> blocks cholesterol absorption

31
Q

What is CLA? – Conjugate Linoleic Acid

A

Antioxidant → anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic
Promotes muscle development, decrease fat deposition
May lower plasma TC, TG, and improve utilization of FA by heart
Found in beef, lamb, turkey, and dairy fats

32
Q

Penicillamine

A

Need 5-50 mg/day B6 supp.

33
Q

Which fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation?

A

Double bonds (PUFA are more likely to go rancid)

34
Q

What is a supplement to increase HDL?

A

niacin

35
Q

Patient with CKD, serum Na is low. Salt restriction?

A

NO.

Fluid restriction 1000mL + urine output

36
Q

What supplement should a patient take with pencillamine?

A

Vitamin B6

37
Q

What don’t you use if there is a lot of phosphorous in a patient’s blood?

A

Calcium

Medical Nutritional Therapy (2 decks)

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