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SCIENCE > Simple Machines > Flashcards

Simple Machines Flashcards

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1
Q

Equation to find work

A

work= force x distance

- if the distance you move an object increases, the force required decreases

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2
Q

Mass

A
  • amount of matter an object contains
  • mass of an object cannot change unless a part of the object is lost or another part is added
  • measured in kg
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3
Q

Effort

A

the force you put in to move or change the position of an object

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4
Q

load

A

the weight of the object being lifted or carried

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5
Q

Ist class lever

A

LiFE

  • direction changer
  • force multiplier
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6
Q

2nd class lever

A

ELF

-Force multiplier

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7
Q

3rd class lever

A

LEaF

-speed multiplier

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8
Q

Force multipliers

A
  • change small applied force into larger resultant force

Example: tweezer, crowbar

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9
Q

Speed multiplier

A

Slow speed into faster resultant speed

Example: Car wheels, egg beaters

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10
Q

Direction changers

A

-machines that change the direction in which a force acts

Example: blinds

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11
Q

Can a machine be a speed+force multiplier?

A

No machine is both a speed and a force multiplier because then you’d get more work out than you put in

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12
Q

Work

A
  • energy required to move an object over a certain distance

- measured in joules (J)

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13
Q

relationship equation of work input and work output

A

work input=work output (approximately)
(Fe x De)=(Fl x Dl)
Less useable energy comes out that what was put in because energy can be lost due to heat loss, friction, etc.

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14
Q

Efficiency of a machine (as a %)

A

energy output/ energy input x 100

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15
Q

MA (Levers)

A

dE/dL

fL/fE

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16
Q

Speed multiplier or force multiplier?

A

Speed multiplier = mechanical advantage 1

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17
Q

Gears

A

Wheels with teeth

When one gear turns, the one it interlocks with also turns but in the opposite direction

18
Q

Driver or driven?

A

Driver gear- gear turned first

Driven gear- turned by driver gear

19
Q

Gears- force multiplier or speed multiplier?

A

force- when effort is applied to smaller gear, the larger gear will turn more slowly but with greater force
speed- when effort is applied to larger gear, smaller gear will turn faster.

20
Q

idler gear

A

used in between driver and driven gear to make them turn in the same direction

21
Q

Bevel gear

A

positioned at right angles to one another to change the plane of rotation

22
Q

Rack and pinion

A

made up of a row of teeth -rack- and a gear wheel that rolls on top of this -pinion- which converts rotational movement into linear movement.

23
Q

MA of gears

A

no. teeth on driven/ no. teeth on driver

24
Q

gear ratios

A

no. teeth on driver/ no. teeth on driven

25
Q

Chain drives in a bicycle

A
  • reduce slipping by having toothed gears
  • the gear used in a bicycle is called a rear sprocket wheel.
  • the pedal is attached to the chain drive which is then attached to the rear sprocket wheel
26
Q

High gear

A
  • Faster speed
  • Flat roads
  • rear sprocket wheel is smaller, chain wheel is larger
27
Q

Low gear

A

-Slower speed
-greater force
-uphill
rear sprocket is larger, chain wheel is smaller

28
Q

What is a pulley?

A
  • A pulley is a wheel with a groove around it which can fit a rope.
  • Pulley is a form of lever, with its axle as the pivot/fulcrum
29
Q

Simple pulley system

A
  • pulley system that lifts a weight up when another end of the rope is pulled down
  • direction changer
30
Q

Compound pulley system

A
  • when there are two or more pulleys to lift the same load.
  • You have to pull the rope twice as far
  • force multiplier.
31
Q

Pulleys: the more times the rope supports the load…

A

the easier it is to lift (the more axles being used)

32
Q

MA of pulleys

A

-calculated by counting the number of ropes supporting the load (rope where effort is applied is not counted.

33
Q

Inclined plane

A
  • flat surface that’s higher on one end
  • they produce a ma by increasing the distance through which a force moves.
  • as the length of the slope increases and the height decreases, the effort required decreases.
34
Q

MA of inclined plane

A

length of slope/ height of inclined plane

35
Q

Screw

A

inclined plane wound around a central cylinder

Eg. drills+jar lids

36
Q

MA of screw

A

circumference/ pitch

pitch= 1/ no. of turns per inch

37
Q

Wedges

A

2 inclined planes joined back-to-back

used to split things

38
Q

MA of wedges

A

length of either slope/ thickness of big end

39
Q

MA of wheels+axles

A

radius of wheel/ radius of axle

40
Q

Speed multiplier- wheel and axle

A

When the input force is on wheel, output on axle

41
Q

Force multiplier- wheel and axle

A

input on axle, output on wheel

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